Cellular Structures and Cellular Transport
Membrane-bound, rod-shaped organelles found in the cytoplasm of nearly all eukaryotic cells, acting as the "powerhouse" by generating most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
What are Mitochondria?
An organelle found in plant cells and the cells of other eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms where photosynthesis occurs.
What is Chloroplast?
Two divisions produce four daughter cells, which are genetically unique and have half the chromosomes of the parent
What is Meiosis?
A variation of a gene's nucleotide sequence (an alternative form of a gene)
What is an Allele?
The fundamental building blocks (monomers) of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What is Diffusion?
A molecule that provides energy for cellular reactions and processes. This releases energy when one of its high-energy bonds is broken to release a phosphate group.
What is Adenosine Triposphate (ATP)?
A fundamental process where a single cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells
The genetic composition of an organism with reference to a single trait, a set of traits, or the entire complement of traits of an organism.
What is a Genotype?
The process in which the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule on a ribosome is decoded to produce a sequence of amino acids for protein synthesis.
What is Translation?
The regulatory process in which an organism regulates its internal environment
What is Homeostasis?
Organisms that are able to create their own food
What are Autotrophs?
The time between a cell forming and the cell preparing to divide into new cells
What is Interphase?
When one inherited two identical versions (alleles) of a specific gene, one from each biological parent
What is Homozygous?
The process in which a strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) is synthesized by using the genetic information found on a strand of DNA as a template.
What is Transcription?
Small, membrane-bound sacs within cells that store and transport materials like proteins, enzymes, hormones, or waste products
What are Vesicles?
When an organism gets energy from food (glucose)
What is Cellular Respiration?
What is Diploid?
A recorded ancestry, lineage, or family tree that shows the genetic history and relationships of humans or animals
What is a Pedigree?
A single-base substitution causing the replacement of a single-base nucleotide with another nucleotide.
What is a Point Mutation?
The movement of water or another solvent through permeable membranes from an area of higher water concentration (dilute) to an area of lower water concentration (concentrated)
What is Osmosis?
The chemical equation of photosynthesis
What is 6CO2 + 6H20 + Light Energy -->C6H12O6 + 6O2
The process of cell division by dividing one cell into two
What is mitosis?
A genetic inheritance pattern where two different alleles are fully and simultaneously expressed in a heterozygote's phenotype
What is Codominance?
The addition (insertion mutation) or removal (deletion mutation) of one or more nucleotides that is not divisible by three, therefore resulting in a completely different amino acid sequence than would be normal.
What is Frameshift Mutation?