calcium, phosphate and parathyroid abnormalities
nephrolithiasis
Hyponatremia
renal tubular acidosis
chronic kidney failure
100
Hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, hyperparathyrodism
What are common abnormalities in renal failure?
100
Organism mst commonly responsible for staghorn calculus formation
What is Proteus?
100
Hyponatremia in a patient in a hyperosmolar nonketotic state
What is Pseudohyponatremia?
100
diabetic patient with persistent hyperkalemia, normal kidney function and slight volume overload
What is type 4 renal tubular acidosis?
100
GFR below 60ml/min for at least three months
What is chronic kidney failure
200
Treatment of choice in CKD patients with high Calcium, high phosphate and high PTH
What is cinacalcet?
200
A treatment of choice of stones more than 4 mm located at the uretero-pelvic junction and not responding to hydration and analgesics
What is lithotripsy?
200
Most helpful physical exam clue to determine etiology of hyponatremia.
What is Volume status?
200
urine ph of 5.5 or higher, bicarbonate of 10, k of 2.8, high urinary calcium
What is RTA type1?
200
bilaterally enlarged kidneys without cysts or hydronephrosis
What is diabetes
300
Treatment of secondary hyperparathyrodism when Ca and Ph are normal and vit D 25, OH is below 30
What is ergocalciferol?
300
A high calcium and low sodium diet
What is a recommended diet to prevent calcium-based kidney stones?
300
A malnourished patient with chronic hyponatremia and high urine osmolality
What is Reset osmostat syndrome?
300
acidosis, hypophosphatemia, uricosuria, proteinuria
What is Fanconi syndrome?
300
The best means to estimate GFR
What is CKD-EPI equation
400
Treatment of choice in CKD when calcium and phosphate are low, PTH is high and Vit D 25,OH is above 30
What is calcitriol
400
Treatment of choice of hypokalemia which results from thiazide diuretics used to prevent calcium stones
What is potassium citrate?
400
Most common blood pressure medication associated with hyponatremia.
What is Hydrochlorthiazide?
400
if given bicarbonate load to raise serum level to normal urine ph raises to about 7.5 with more than 15% of administered bicarbonate filtered in the urine
What is RTA type 2?
400
Urine albumin excretion of more than 300 mg/gram creatinine on a spot urine test
What is macroalbuminuria?
500
ESRD patient with high calcium, low-normal phosphate and low PTH and increased risk of fractures
What is adynamic bone disease?
500
Chronic gastrointestinal disease associated with oxalate stones.
What is Chron"s disease?
500
Hyponatremia in a patient post-urological procedure.
What is Complication of excessive irrigation with hypotonic solute?
500
treatment of choice of rta type 2
What is potassium citrate and thiazide diuretic?
500
captopril, irbesartan, diltiazem
What are meds reducing proteinuria?
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