Political changes during the colonial period
Name of Spanish colony created in 1700s
New Granada
What Spanish troops did after French troops left Spain
Spanish troops reconquered New Granada.
Names and dates of two civil wars in Colombia
The War of a Thousand Days (1899–1903) and La Violencia (1946–57)
Three rebel groups tried to overthrow the government in the 1960s and 1970s
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC),
the National Liberation Army (ELN),
the M-19
New efforts by the Colombian government
began to combat the illegal narcotics industry more forcefully in the 1980s, as the country received antinarcotics military aid from the United States
Other present-day countries that were part of this colony
Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador
Achievement of Francisco de Paula Santander and General Simón Bolivar
won a major battle against the Spanish at Boyacá on August 7, 1819
Events involving the Panama Canal
With support from the United States, Panama gained independence from Colombia and the canal was completed.
Illegal sales in which Colombia played a key role
cocaine, heroin, and marijuana
Negative side effects
controversies erupted over the effectiveness of the “war on drugs,” its cost, and the thousands of civilians and combatants killed or wounded
Two direct benefits of centralized authority
improved administration and communication
Name of the new political union after this achievement
Gran Colombia
Three export industries that grew in the early 1900s
coffee, petroleum, and bananas
Various crimes committed by cartels
committed countless murders and bribed police, soldiers, and politicians
Intervention by the United States
U.S. Congress approved a controversial aid program that supplied Colombia with additional military assistance to help fight the illegal drug trade
Two indirect benefits of centralized authority
the development and shipment of trade goods within the Spanish empire
Event of 1830
the union fell apart
Direct results of the Great Depression
devastated the world economy in the 1930s, and prices fell quickly
Units that began to emerge in the 1980s
right-wing paramilitary units began to emerge from vigilante groups formed to protect drug lords and wealthy landowners from the rebels
New president
lvaro Uribe, an independent, was elected president in 2002.
Negative consequence of the region’s prosperity in the 1700s
British pirates frequently attacked Cartagena, Santa Marta, and treasure-laden ships off the coasts.
The San Andrés archipelago, or group of islands, was a sanctuary for privateers.
Name of country from 1830-1860
New Granada
Government agricultural reforms in the 1930s
government gave farms to thousands of poor families
What these units did
committed numerous terrorist acts, including kidnapping and murder
New president’s promise
announced that the government would combat right-wing paramilitary groups in addition to left-wing rebels