chemical and physical changes
electricity and magnetism
constructive and destructive Forces
Plants and Animal cells And microorganism
inheritance and classif
100
what are chemical and physical changes?
what is A physical change alters the form of a substance (like shape, size, or state) without changing its chemical composition. A chemical change, on the other hand, involves a chemical reaction that creates new substances with different chemical compositions.
100
A student wants to design a complete, simple circuit for a class project. the student has more materials available than needed for the project.
A wire, battery, and a light bulb
100
What is the difference between constructive and destructive processes, and how do they shape Earth's surface features?
Constructive processes build up Earth's surface by adding material, such as through deposition, volcanic eruptions, and mountain formation.
Destructive processes break down Earth's surface through erosion, weathering, and natural disasters like earthquakes.
These processes work together to constantly reshape landforms such as deltas, sand dunes, mountains, and volcanoes.
100
A model of an animal cell is constructed by filling a plastic bag with jelly.
Which part of the cell does the jelly BEST represent?
A. nucleus
B. cytoplasm
C. chloroplast
D. cell membrane
B. cytoplasm
100
What is an instinct? What is a learned behavior?
An instinct is a behavior an animal is born with. It happens automatically and doesn’t need to be taught.
A learned behavior is something an animal learns by watching, practicing, or being taught.
200
What is a physical change? Give two examples.
A physical change is a change in the form or appearance of a substance without changing its chemical composition.
Examples: Ice melting into water, tearing a piece of paper.
200
What is static electricity? What is human-harnessed electricity?
Static electricity is when electric charge builds up on something, like when you rub a balloon on your hair. Human-harnessed electricity is the kind we use in homes and buildings, coming from power plants and wires.
200
Analyze how erosion and deposition work together to form a delta. How does this demonstrate both constructive and destructive forces?
Erosion breaks down rock and soil from land and carries it downstream through rivers.
As the river slows down near the mouth, deposition occurs, where sediment is dropped and accumulates, forming a delta.
This demonstrates destructive forces (erosion removing material) and constructive forces (deposition building up land).
200
Compare beneficial and harmful microorganisms.
Beneficial microorganisms help with processes like digestion, food production, and decomposition. Harmful microorganisms can cause diseases and spoil food. For example, E. coli can be harmful, while Lactobacillus is beneficial.
200
What is one way that an instinct is different from a learned behavior? What is one way they are similar?
Different: Instincts happen without teaching, but learned behaviors require training or experience.
Similar: Both are behavior patterns that help animals survive and adapt to their environment.
300
Explain why some substances dissolve in water while others do not. Use scientific reasoning to support your answer.
Substances dissolve in water based on their molecular structure and polarity. Water is a polar molecule, meaning it dissolves other polar substances (like salt and sugar) but does not dissolve nonpolar substances (like oil).
300
How do people use static electricity in real life? How do people use human-harnessed electricity?
Static electricity is used in printers and air purifiers. People use human-harnessed electricity to power homes, businesses, and technology like computers and phones.
300
Construct an argument using scientific evidence to explain how a volcanic eruption can lead to both constructive and destructive changes to Earth's surface over time.
A volcanic eruption can be destructive because lava flows, ash clouds, and pyroclastic flows destroy ecosystems, homes, and landscapes.
However, over time, the cooling lava hardens and creates new landforms, such as islands, mountains, or rich volcanic soil that supports plant growth.
An example is the formation of the Hawaiian Islands, where repeated eruptions have built landmass over millions of years.
300
What is a microorganism?
A microorganism is a tiny living organism that can only be seen under a microscope. Examples include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses.
300
Explain how the structure of a plant cell supports its function in a plant's survival.
The cell wall provides rigid structure for support and helps the plant stand upright. Chloroplasts allow the plant to perform photosynthesis, creating energy. The large central vacuole (not explicitly in the standard, but often present) stores water and helps maintain pressure inside the cell Given two unlabeled diagrams—one of a plant cell and one of an animal cell—develop a model to correctly label and distinguish them using evidence.
Look for the cell wall and chloroplasts to identify the plant cell. If these are absent, and the shape is more rounded or irregular, it's likely an animal cell. Label the membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus in both. For the plant cell, also label cell wall and chloroplasts.
400
What is the term for when a gas turns back into a liquid?
condensation
400
You tested a metal spoon and a wooden spoon in a circuit. The light bulb turned on with the metal spoon but not the wooden one. Why?
The metal spoon is a conductor, so it lets electricity flow. The wooden spoon is an insulator, so it stops electricity.
400
Develop a hands-on experiment or simulation to model how a river changes the landscape over time. What variables would you manipulate, and how would you ensure your data accurately reflects real-world processes?
Experiment: Create a stream table using a sloped tray, sand, and flowing water to simulate river erosion and deposition.
Variables: Adjust water speed, volume, or sediment type to observe different erosion rates.
Data accuracy: Record sediment movement, measure changes in the land, and compare results to real river systems.
400
Explain how the structure of a plant cell supports its function in a plant's survival.
A: The cell wall provides rigid structure for support and helps the plant stand upright. Chloroplasts allow the plant to perform photosynthesis, creating energy. The large central vacuole (not explicitly in the standard, but often present) stores water and helps maintain pressure inside the cell.
The cell wall provides rigid structure for support and helps the plant stand upright. Chloroplasts allow the plant to perform photosynthesis, creating energy. The large central vacuole (not explicitly in the standard, but often present) stores water and helps maintain pressure inside the cell.
400
Why do animals need both instincts and learned behaviors to survive in their environment?
Animals need instincts to do important things like breathing, hiding from predators, or finding food right after birth. They need learned behaviors to adapt to new environments or situations—for example, a bear learning which areas have the most food.
500
How would you design an experiment to show how temperature affects the rate of evaporation?
set up different conditions with varying temperatures and measure the amount of liquid that evaporates over a specific time.
500
Using experimental evidence, explain why an electromagnet can be stronger than a regular magnet.
The strength of an electromagnet can be increased by adding more coils, increasing the electric current, or using a larger iron core. Experimental data would show that with more turns of wire, the magnetic field becomes stronger, making the electromagnet more powerful than many permanent magnets.
500
Construct an argument using scientific evidence to explain how a volcanic eruption can lead to both constructive and destructive changes to Earth's surface over time.
A volcanic eruption can be destructive because lava flows, ash clouds, and pyroclastic flows destroy ecosystems, homes, and landscapes.
However, over time, the cooling lava hardens and creates new landforms, such as islands, mountains, or rich volcanic soil that supports plant growth.
An example is the formation of the Hawaiian Islands, where repeated eruptions have built landmass over millions of years.
500
Q: Compare beneficial and harmful microorganisms.
A: Beneficial microorganisms help with processes like digestion, food production, and decomposition. Harmful microorganisms can cause diseases and spoil food. For example, E. coli can be harmful, while Lactobacillus is beneficial.
A: Beneficial microorganisms help with processes like digestion, food production, and decomposition. Harmful microorganisms can cause diseases and spoil food. For example, E. coli can be harmful, while Lactobacillus is beneficial.
500
Create a model (chart, poster, or slideshow) that shows how animals are sorted into vertebrates and invertebrates, and how vertebrates are sorted into 5 groups. Explain your choices.
I sorted animals into two big groups first: vertebrates and invertebrates. Then I looked at the vertebrates and sorted them again based on body features. For example:
A frog goes in amphibians because it has moist skin and lives on land and water.
A parrot goes in birds because it has feathers and lays eggs.
A spider is an invertebrate because it does not have a backbone.