Carbohydrate Metabolism
Gluconeogenesis
Lipid Metabolism
Protein Metabolism
Metabolic Integration
100
The number of pyruvate molecules produced from one molecule of glucose
What is 2 pyruvate
100
The type of metabolism that occurs in gluconeogenesis
What is anabolic
100
The molecule used to add 2 carbons in preparation for lipogenesis
What is acetyl CoA
100
Type of amino acid that can be converted into glucose/glycogen, or can enter the citric acid cycle as an intermediate or pyruvate to generate energy
What is glucogenic amino acid
100
One thing that must be maintained in the body, regardless of energy state
What is blood glucose concentration, blood pH
200
The sign of ∆Go’ for the Citric Acid Cycle, given that it only operates in one direction
What is negative
200
The organ in which gluconeogenesis primarily occurs
What is liver
200
The location of fatty acid β-oxidation in lipolysis
What is mitochondrial matrix
200
What is formed after removal of ammonia from an amino acid
What is alpha-ketoacid
200
The main source of blood glucose in the fasting state
What are glucogenic amino acids
300
The location of the electron complexes in the electron transport chain
What is inner mitochondrial membrane
300
The Cori Cycle uses this molecule to make glucose (produced by muscle and red blood cells)
What is lactate
300
The maximum length of the fatty acid chain synthesized in lipogenesis
What is 16 carbons
300
The site of urea synthesis for nitrogen excretion
What is the liver
300
Form of nitrogen primarily excreted by the kidney in the state of starvation
What is ammonium
400
The number of ATP produced from one molecule of NADH + H+
What is 2.5 ATP
400
The number of NTP used up in gluconeogenesis
What is 6
400
The name of the molecule used to transport fatty acyl CoA into the mitochondrial matrix for β-oxidation
What is carnitine
400
The first step of catabolism in all amino acids
What is transamination
400
In a state of starvation, the pH of blood lowers due to the buildup of these molecules
What is ketone bodies
500
The name of the shuttle that transfers electrons from cytosolic NADH + H+ to mitochondrial NAD+
What is malate aspartate shuttle
500
The number of glycerol molecules used to make one molecule of glucose
What is 2 glycerol
500
One of the hormones that activates hormone-sensitive lipase for mobilization of TAGs and DAGs
What is glucagon, epinephrine
500
The two possible products of nitrogen metabolism, as excreted in the urine
What are urea and ammonium
500
The main gluconeogenic substrate during the starved state
What is glycerol
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