Attention and Memory
A resource (or pool of resources) that is available and that can be used for various purposes
Attention
the deliberate attempts to improve performance of a particular skill or action
practice
Influence of previous experience on learning a new skill and performing a skill in a new context.
Transfer of learning
information provided as a natural consequence of making an action
inherent feedback
The cognitive rehearsal of a physical skill in the absence of overt physical movements.
Mental Practice
Attention remaining for the secondary task is reduced when the primary task is what?
More complex
Factors can affect momentary levels of skilled performance resulting in temporary performance changes. Give 2 examples.
drugs, sleep loss, mood, stress, motivation, etc.
In this Fitts and Posner's stage of learning, beginner focuses on solving cognitively oriented problems related to what to do and how to do this skill.
cognitive stage
Information that is supplemented to the learning environment
augmented feedback
Is a practice schedule in which the duration of rest between practice trials is relatively long
Distributed practice
Performance of a skill (or its parts) with little/no demand on attention capacity.
Automaticity
Line graph describing performance by plotting performance measures across practice trials or periods of time
Performance Curve
What is the solution in Bernstein's first stage of learning?
freezing the degrees of freedom
¡Augmented information about the movement pattern/characteristics that led to the performance outcome
Knowledge of performance (KP)
Practicing throwing only 20 yards is an example of this practice
Constant practice
the process by which we keep from losing information from STM
rehearsal
Describe the power law of practice
rapid improvement early on, but slows during later practice
In this 2 stage model is divided into the initial stage and later staged of learning.
Gentile's Two-stage model
This feedback often directs the learner to think about externally directed information
Knowledge of results (KR)
Practice an easier variation of the skill before practicing the skill itself.
Simplification
Contains very well-learned information that has been collected over a lifetime
Long-term memory
List 4 of the 6 parts of the definition of Motor Learning
1.Learning results from practice or experience
2.It’s not directly observable
3.Learning changes are inferred from performance changes
4.Not all changes in performance are due to learning
5.Learning produces an acquired capability for skilled performance
6.Relatively permanent and not transitory
Why does positive transfer occur?
Similarity of skill and context components. Similarity of processing requirements.
Precise feedback (indicating the amount and direction of the error) is given only when performance falls outside a range of acceptability
Bandwidth feedback
Memory and performance disruption that results from performing variations of a skill within the context of practice
Contextual Interference