Physical Activity & Health
Children and adolescents should do _____ minutes of activity on _____ days per week.
60 minutes, on 7 days/wk (i.e., every day).
Sarcomere
Alpha motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.
Motor unit
The maximum amount of oxygen the body and use during high-intensity, long-term exercise is known as:
VO2max; maximal oxygen uptake
Define physical activity
Any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscle that increases energy expenditure above a basal level (and enhances health).
Stores calcium within the muscle.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Neurotransmitter released at neuromuscular junction
Acetylcholine
When the resting membrane potential of a neuron becomes more negative, this is called:
Hyperpolarization
Muscle-strengthening activity should be performed on at least ____ days per week for a total of ____ minutes per week.
2 days per week; there is not a recommended amount of time.
Fiber type with high glycolytic capacity, rapid fatigue, rapid contraction
Type IIx
Brain region responsible for voluntary muscle movement
Primary motor cortex
When calcium binds to troponin, _____________ shifts its position allowing for _____________ to form.
tropomyosin; crossbridges
As part of their daily physical activity, children and adolescents should do _________ intensity activity on at least ____ days per week. Bonus: How many minutes should they do of this activity?
Vigorous-intensity; 3 days/wk.
No time is specified; part of their daily activity should be vigorous.
Protein important for increasing force of eccentric contractions and preventing overstretching
Titin
Muscle receptor activated in response to rapid stretch
Muscle spindle
Define exercise physiology
The study of how the body responds to the acute stress of exercise and how it adapts to repeated bouts of exercise over time
Define sedentary behavior
Waking behavior characterized by low energy expenditure (less than 1.5 METs), including lying, reclining, and sitting
List three ways to increase force production.
Activate more motor units; optimally align actin and myosin; recruit larger muscle fibers (type II); slower speed of concentric contractions, increase rate of muscle stimulation
Receptor activated and muscle response in proprioneuromuscular facilitation (PNF)
Golgi tendon organ; relaxation
Renin is released from the __________ in response to _________.
kidney; decreased blood pressure