Unit 1 - Anatomical Terms
The three primary anatomical planes are used to describe human movement.
What are the sagittal, frontal (coronal), and transverse (horizontal) planes
The total number of bones in the average adult human skeleton is.
What is 206?
The "six-pack" muscle runs vertically along the anterior abdominal wall, with its origin on the pubic bone.
What is the rectus abdominis?
This broad category of joints includes all freely movable connections, such as the knee or shoulder.
What are synovial joints?
This macronutrient, stored as glycogen, is the body's preferred primary fuel source for high-intensity exercise.
What are carbohydrates/carbs?
This combination of four specific movements, performed in sequence, creates circumduction of a joint like the shoulder or hip.
What is Flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction
This category of bones, including those of the limbs, shoulders, and pelvis, makes up 126 of the body's total bones.
What is the appendicular skeleton?
The scientific name for the "chest" muscle, originating on the clavicle, sternum, and ribs.
What is the pectoralis major?
This highly mobile type of joint, found in your shoulder and hip, allows for rotation and movement in all directions.
What is a ball-and-socket joint?
This essential nutrient, found in foods like meat and legumes, is crucial for building and repairing muscle tissue.
What are protiens
In the anatomical position, these three pairs of directional terms are used to describe structures relative to the trunk or point of attachment. (e.g., Proximal/Distal is one pair).
What are Superior/Inferior, Anterior/Posterior (or Ventral/Dorsal), and Proximal/Distal
The femur and humerus are classic examples of these "long" support structures, characterized by a shaft and two ends.
What are long bones?
This type of muscle contraction generates force while the muscle lengthens, such as when lowering a weight slowly.
What is an eccentric contraction?
The elbow and knee are classic examples of this type of synovial joint, which allows motion in only one plane.
What is a hinge joint?
The exercise intensity at which lactic acid begins to accumulate in the blood faster than it can be removed.
What is the lactate threshold (anaerobic threshold)
Rotating your head to say "no" involves movement in this anatomical plane, around this specific axis. What plane and axis does this occur on?
What is the Transverse plane around the longitudinal (vertical) axis
This bony landmark on the posterior scapula is a prominent ridge that is a common site for muscle attachment.
What is the spine of the scapula?
Collectively known as the rotator cuff, these four muscles stabilize the shoulder joint.
What are the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis?
A shoulder dislocation is possible due to its structural type, which allows movement in all planes what joint is this
Also called Type I fibres, they are fatigue-resistant, have a high aerobic capacity, and are recruited first for posture and endurance activities.
What are slow-twitch muscle fibers
While "flexion" and "extension" are straightforward in the sagittal plane, in the unique case of the ankle, these two specific terms replace them.
What is Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
A fracture where the bone breaks cleanly into separate pieces, but does not puncture the skin, is classified as this type.
What is a simple (or closed) fracture?
The theory explaining muscle contraction where actin filaments slide past myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere.
What is the Sliding Filament Theory?
The key clinical difference between these two common soft-tissue injuries: one affects a ligament, the other a muscle or tendon.
What is a sprain (ligament) versus a strain (muscle/tendon)?
When an athlete "hits the wall," their muscles have largely depleted their stored supply of this key carbohydrate-based fuel.
What is glycogen?