KINETICS & KINEMATICS
Plane and axis of making snow angels
Frontal plane along an anterior-posterior axis
Only bony link to the axial skeleton
The clavicle
Amount of weight of the head supported by facet joints of cervical spine in normal lordotic curve
One-third
Arthrokinematics of costovertebral joint
Superior roll, inferior glide (convex head of rib on concave facets)
30 degrees of forward tilt
Muscle that originates close to joint and inserts far from joint
Shunt muscle (brachioradialis muscle acting to stabilize the joint)
Three muscle attachments to the coracoid process
Short head of biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and pectoralis minor muscles
In forward head posture, upper and lower cervical regions in ___ and ___
Upper cervical extension, lower cervical flexion
Names for costovertebral and costotransverse joint motions in upper and lower thoracic spine
Pump handle action in upper, bucket handle action in lower
Ligament that prevents anterior displacement of L5
Forward fingertip to floor motion limited by hamstring muscles is an example of
Passive insufficiency (hamstrings are antagonist muscles)
Synergist intrinsic muscles of shoulder abduction
Supraspinatus and deltoid muscles
Degrees of freedom (number and names)
Six: three rotation (flexion, extension, and side bend) and three translation (anterior/posterior, medial/lateral, and compression/traction)
Thoracic rotation (increases/decreases) caudally
Decreases (9 degrees at T1-T2 to 3 degrees at T10-L1)
Bending down (forward) to pick up a pencil puts what type of stress on the intervertebral discs
Tensile and compressive stress
Most forceful contraction that uses least amount of ATP
Eccentric contraction
A patient presents with a sagging shoulder and a scapula positioned laterally (away from midline). The muscle with a loss function is
Trapezius muscle
Capsular pattern
Lateral flexion and rotation equally limited, followed by extension; flexion within normal limits
Structures limiting thoracic extension
Anterior longitudinal ligament, contact of overlapping spinous processes, facets, and abdominal muscles
Direction of spinous processes during left lateral flexion
Left ("lumbar side bend opposite")
Standing on tiptoes is a __ class lever system, with mechanical __ and excursion __
Second class lever; mechanical advantage, excursion disadvantage (can lift body weight but gastroc must lift higher to produce movement)
The order of muscle action in shoulder abduction
Supraspinatus (first 30 degrees) -> deltoid -> subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor -> trapezius & serratus anterior
(Contralateral) Upper trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and scalene muscles; (Ipsilateral) levator scapulae muscle
A young adult with 38 degrees of right side thoracic concavity that disappears when laterally flexed to the left presents ___
Left non-structural thoracic scoliosis
Describe the lumbar-pelvic rhythm
Limited lumbar flexion range increased by anterior tilt of pelvis at hip joints