Motions of the Ankle/Foot
Occurs when the dorsal surface of the foot moves toward the anterior surface of the leg.
What is dorsiflexion?
The bone of the foot that is first to make contact with the floor during heel-strike phase of gait.
What is the calcaneus?
This major prime mover for plantarflexion of the ankle also flexes the knee.
What is the gastrocnemius?
The extensor digitorum brevis muscle performs what action when contracting?
What is extension of the toes?
Inflammation of the tendon along the back of the heel of the tendon that has fibers from the gastroc, soleus, and plantaris muscles.
What is Achilles tendonitis?
Movement of the ankle in which the plantar surface of the foot moves toward the floor.
What is plantarflexion?
What is the talus?
This muscle originates on the posterior tibia and fibula, inserts into the posterior calcaneus, is innervated by the tibial nerve, and performs plantarflexion of the ankle.
What is the soleus?
The abductor hallucis muscle performs what muscle action?
What is abducts the big toe?
The condition of an abnormally collapsed low arch in which the medial longitudinal arch is not maintained.
What is pes planus?
Raising the medial border of the foot, turning the forefoot inward.
What is inversion?
The ligament complex that comprises the medial ankle, comprised of 4 distinct ligaments, including the posterior tibiotalar, anterior tibiotalar, tibionavicular, and tibiocalcaneal ligaments.
What is the deltoid ligament?
This muscle is a major prime mover for ankle dorsiflexion, also causes ankle inversion when it contracts, and inserts into the first cuneiform and first metatarsal.
What is the tibialis anterior?
This lil' guy is responsible for moving the pinky toe out to the side.
What is the abductor digiti minimi?
Shin splints, or exercise-induced pain along the medial edge of the tibia is commonly caused by inflammation of the periosteum from overuse in activities such as running, and is also known by this more specific term.
What is medial tibial stress syndrome?
A combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction.
What is pronation?
The structure that supports both the lateral and medial longitudinal arches of the foot and runs from the calcaneus forward to the proximal phalanges. Acts as "tie rod" of the foot.
What is the Plantar fascia? (or plantar aponeurosis)
This extrinsic muscle is responsible for flexing the great toe, as well as inverting and plantarflexing the ankle.
What is the flexor hallucis longus?
This intrinsic muscle of the foot has a similar function to it's name counterpart in the hand - it flexes the MP joints, while extending the PIPs and DIPs of the toes.
What are the lumbricales?
Abnormal pressure on the plantar digital nerves can cause pain and numbness in the foot between the 3rd and 4th metatarsals.
What is Morton's neuroma?
Movement in the transverse plane in which the forefoot moves toward the pinky toe. Also a motion that accompanies eversion of the subtalar joint.
What is forefoot abduction?
The plantar calcaneonavicular ligament that attaches ot the calcaneus and runs forward to the navicular bone. It is short and wide, and is important for support of the medial side of the longitudinal arch.
What is the spring ligament?
This extrinsic muscle originates form the interosseous membrane, adjacent tibia and fibula, and inserts into the navicular bone and most of the tarsals and metatarsals. It's action is ankle inversion and plantarflexion, and it is innervated by the tibial nerve.
What is the tibialis posterior muscle?
This intrinsic muscle is one of only two innervated by the deep fibular nerve. It is responsible for extending the great toe.
What is the extensor hallucis brevis?
In this deformity of the toe, the PIP is flexed and the DIP is extended.
What is Hammer Toe?