Vocabulary
What is the energy an object has because it is moving?
Kinetic energy
What two factors affect an object's kinetic energy?
Mass and speed
What type of energy is related to the movement of particles in matter?
Thermal energy
What can a force change besides an object's direction?
Its speed
What is the name of the horizontal axis on a graph?
X-axis
What is the amount of matter in an object?
Mass
What happens to kinetic energy when an object's mass doubles and its speed stays the same?
Kinetic energy doubles.
In the Shake the Shot investigation, what type of energy did shaking give the metal pellets?
Kinetic energy
What must happen to a soccer ball for it to change direction while rolling straight?
A force, such as a kick from the side, must act on it.
What is the name of the vertical axis on a graph?
Y-axis
What is a push or pull that can change an object's motion?
Force
How many times greater is kinetic energy when speed doubles and mass stays the same?
Four times greater.
What happened to some of the pellets' kinetic energy when they collided with each other and the container?
It transformed into thermal energy.
What exerts a force on a marble moving around a circular track?
The track
A cart's kinetic energy increases from 10 J to 20 J when its mass doubles and its speed stays the same. What happened to its kinetic energy?
It doubled.
What is it called when energy moves from one object or place to another?
Energy transfer
How many times greater is kinetic energy when speed triples and mass stays the same?
Nine times greater.
What happened to the pellets' temperature as their thermal energy increased?
Their temperature increased.
What path will a marble follow when it leaves a circular track if no other force changes its motion?
A straight path
A data table shows that a mass of 2 kg has 20 J of kinetic energy, 4 kg has 40 J, and 6 kg has 60 J. What is the kinetic energy at 6 kg?
60 J
What do scientists call data or observations that support a claim?
Evidence
Two carts move at the same speed. Cart A has twice the mass of Cart B. Which cart has more kinetic energy, and how much more?
Cart A has twice as much kinetic energy.
Why did scientists repeat trials and calculate an average in the Shake the Shot investigation?
To make results more reliable and reduce the effect of random errors.
A car loses its ability to steer while traveling around a curve. Why will it not continue following the curve?
A force is needed to change the car's direction. Without the force needed to turn, it tends to continue in a straight path.
When speed stays constant, what type of pattern appears on a graph of mass versus kinetic energy?
A linear pattern; kinetic energy increases proportionally as mass increases.