Kinetic Theory
What does the kinetic theory state?
That all particles are in a constant motion.
What does the term “kinetic” mean?
Motion
As the temperature of a liquid increases, the rate of evaporation would......
Increase.
The process in which a solid substance changes directly to the gas phase, without passing through the liquid state is called.....
Sublimation
What is the name of the instrument that is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
Barometer.
What three quantities is standard pressure equal to?
1 atm = 760 mmHg = 101.3 kPa
Describe the motion of gas particles.
"Random walk". Gas particles collide with each other or the walls of the container and change direction.
What is evaporation?
The conversion of liquid to gas below a substance’s boiling point.
The attractive forces in a molecular solid tend to be _________ than the attractive forces in an ionic solid.
Weaker
Explain the relationship between altitude and atmospheric pressure
As altitude increases, atm pressure decreases.
How can you raise the average kinetic energy of the water molecules in a glass of water?
Heat up the glass of water.
What is meant by the term “elastic collision?”
Energy is not lost during a collision and the particles do not stick together once they collide.
Name the force that keeps liquid particles together.
Intermolecular forces of attraction.
In general, solids have ______ kinetic energy than liquids.
Lower
Where does evaporation occur in a substance?
At the surface.
Explain the relationship between the Kelvin temperature of a substance and the kinetic energy of its particles.
The Kelvin temperature is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles.
Explain what causes gas pressure.
The collision of gas particles.
Both liquid and gas particles can slide past one another, this is known as the ability to...?
Flow.
At the ___________ point of a substance, the particles have enough kinetic energy to break free from their fixed positions.
Melting
True or False. Boiling point is constant.
False.
What is significant about the temperature absolute zero?
This is the temperature at which all particle motion stops.
What various units used to measure gas pressure?
kPa, mmHg, atm
What are the names of these units?
kPa, mmHg, atm
Kilopascals, millimeters of Mercury, and atmospheric pressure.
In order for a liquid to boil, what must be true?
Vapor pressure of the liquid must equal the atmospheric pressure.
What does boiling point depend on?
Atmospheric pressure.