Collision Theory & Reaction Rates
This is the minimum energy particles need in order to react successfully
What is activation energy?
A substance that speeds up a reaction without being consumed.
What is a catalyst?
At equilibrium, the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same _____.
What is rate?
Adding more reactant causes equilibrium to shift in this direction.
What is to the right / forward / toward products?
A solution in which dissolving and precipitating occur at equal rates.
What is a saturated solution?
For a collision to be successful, particles must have enough energy and this.
What is the correct orientation?
A substance that slows down a reaction by interfering with the reaction pathway.
What is an inhibitor?
Even though concentrations stay constant at equilibrium, reactions continue occurring, meaning equilibrium is this.
What is dynamic?
Removing product causes equilibrium to shift in this direction.
What is right / forward / toward products?
In a saturated solution, dissolving and precipitating are occurring at the same _____.
What is rate?
Increasing temperature increases reaction rate because particles move faster and have more of these.
What are effective collisions?
The series of steps by which reactants become products is called this.
What is a reaction mechanism?
Equilibrium can only be maintained in this type of system
What is a closed system?
Increasing pressure shifts a gaseous equilibrium toward the side with _____ moles of gas.
What are fewer moles of gas?
A powdered solid reacts faster than a large chunk of the same substance because it has more of this.
What is surface area?
Increasing pressure speeds up gaseous reactions because gas particles experience more of these.
What are collisions?
A species formed in one step of a mechanism and used up in another step is called this.
What is an intermediate?
Walking up a downward-moving escalator at the same speed is used to model this chemistry concept.
What is dynamic equilibrium?
For an endothermic reaction, increasing temperature shifts equilibrium in this direction.
What is to the right / toward products?
Catalysts and surface area changes help a system reach equilibrium faster, but they do not do this.
What is shift the equilibrium?
This type of reaction generally occurs more slowly because covalent bonds are harder to break.
What are covalent reactions?
The slowest step in a reaction mechanism determines this.
What is the overall reaction rate?
At equilibrium, concentrations remain constant because the forward and reverse reactions occur at this condition.
What are equal rates?
For the equilibrium
N₂(g) + O₂(g) + heat ⇌ 2NO(g)
heat acts as this type of component in the reaction.
What is a reactant?
A salt cube placed into a saturated salt solution may slowly change shape because ions are continuously doing these two processes.
What are dissolving and re-precipitating?