People
BONUS! 500 points!
Who made his own microscope and coined the term "cells"?
Robert Hooke
True or False: Gram-negative bacteria look pink.
True!
What is a pathogen?
An organism that causes disease.
BONUS! 500 points!
Name 2 differences between asexual and sexual reproduction.
Asexual reproduction only requires one parent and all offspring are identical. Sexual reproduction requires 2 parents and offspring have genetic diversity.
One dundred.
What is a Gram stain?
It stains different bacteria either purple or pink, depending on the components of their cell wall.
A spirillum bacterium is Gram-positive. To what phylum and class does it belong?
Phylum Firmicutes, class Thallobacteria
What is the flagella?
Long tail-like structure that gives locomotion to bacterium.
What is conjugation?
The transfer of DNA between bacteria. It requires contact! Increases genetic diversity.
What was Biosphere 2? Why did it fail?
A man-made ecosystem intended to be self-sufficient. Didn't have the proper ratio of microorganisms, and aerobic bacteria ended up using too much of the oxygen.
What experiment did Louis Pasteur do to disprove spontaneous generation?
Heated flasks for a long time with a crooked neck open to the air. Saw that no bacteria grew in flask.
BONUS! 500 points!
A bacterium lives in boiling-hot water. To what phylum and class does it most likely belong?
Phylum Mendosicutes, Class Archaebacteria
What is logistic growth?
Population growth that is controlled by limited resources.
The process of asexual reproduction that bacteria undergo. It involves duplicating the DNA exactly and producing two "daughter cells."
Put the following structures in order from outer to inner: cell wall, capsule, pili, plasma membrane
Pili, capsule, cell wall, plasma membrane
Francesco Redi did an experiment with meat and flies. Describe his experiment and what he "disproved."
Left a jar with meat open to the air and another jar sealed. Saw that maggots grew on the open jar, not on the closed jar. Disproved spontaneous generation.
Name 2 types of autotrophic bacteria.
Photosynthetic (get energy from the sun) and chemosynthetic (get energy from chemicals).
Define plasmid.
Name 2 ways in which bacteria can increase in diversity.
Conjugation, Transformation, Mutation
How many classes are there in Kingdom Monera?
7
Who is known as the "Savior of Mothers"?
Ignaz Semmelweiss
Name 2 types of heterotrophic bacteria.
Saprophytic (get energy from feeding on dead things) and parasitic (get energy from feeding on living things).
Define transformation.
The transfer of a DNA segment from a dead donor cell to a recipient cell.
What does insulin have to do with Kingdom Monera?
We can use transformation properties of bacteria to insert the insulin gene into the bacterial genome. They then produce insulin for us! Like little factories.
What is an endospore?
The DNA and other essential parts of a bacterium coated with several hard layers. Like a "back-up" in case the bacterium dies. Can survive in harsh conditions and then come back to life when conditions are ideal!