Chapter 5: Quantitative Data Analysis
In an extremely difficult biomechanics exam, the majority of grades are represented at the lower end of the scale (< 60%) and a few scores at the top end of the range (>90%). What kind of skew does this represent?
Positive skew
(p. 91)
Have researchers provided convincing justification for all aspects of the research project?
What type of validity are you looking for in asking this question?
Logical Validity
(p. 117)
When one methods dominates while the other is embedded with it, is what kind of research design?
Concurrent Nested Design
(p. 208)
What is typically the underlying worldview for Mixed Method Research?
Pragmatism
(p. 213)
Mode: measures frequency
(p. 92)
In a normal distribution, the mean, median and mode share what characteristic?
The mean, median, and mode will be the same value.
The internal validity of an experimental design is concerned with what question?
B. Did the independent variable really produce changes in the dependent variable?
(from lecture 9)
The mixed-method integration option where numerical data is qualitized, and qualitative data is quantitized is known as what?
Data Transformation
(p. 206)
What are the four basic types of measurement validity in quantitative research?
(Not to be confused with merit of experimental studies)
Logical, Content, Criterion, Construct
(Lecture 9)
A researcher is using two types of questionnaires to determine physical activity levels for university students during COVID. Calculations determined that the USA questionnaire had a correlation coefficient of r=0.68, while the CAD Questionnaire correlation coefficient was r=0.72.
Which questionnaire will present higher validity evidence?
CAD Questionnaire, a higher correlation coefficient will result in higher validity evidence
(p. 104)
Analogous to an independent t-test, there is a red team and blue team captain that has to pick from a total of 10 people. How many degrees of freedom are there in this analogy?
Degrees of Freedom for an Independent T-Test = total sample size minus 2.
Degrees of Freedom = 10 - 2 = 8
(p.97)
Subject matter experts are the ones we look to, to ensure validity of measurement tools. We might ask ourselves during our research critiques "was it verified by expert opinion?"
This question helps us determine what kind of validity?
Content Validity
(Lecture 9)
You are conducting research on the science of sleep and athletic performance. Your quantitative results suggest that more sleep is beneficial for athletic performance while 6 out of 10 interviews you conducted from athletes suggest otherwise. In an effort to support your original hypothesis, you selectively reveal info from the 4 interviews that support your quantitative data and hide the other 6. What form of bias is this?
Positive Reporting Bias
(p.215)
When a researcher is looking to determine the relationships between variables from non-parametric tests, what kind of analysis should they perform?
Chi Square
(p. 101; non-parametric = nominal or ordinal data)
A study was conducted in New Brunswick where 11 Physiotherapy students were surveyed using electronic questionnaires. The students then participated in a Zoom interview to elaborate on their responses. What kind of design is this?
Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Design
(p. 210)
A researcher makes the decision that a manipulation of treatment has been successful when in fact it is not. This is what kind of error?
Type I Error
The idea of _____ is important for non-experimental quantitative research so that findings can be applied to other people, places, or across time.
What is ____?
Generalization / Generalizability
(p. 115 / Lecture 9)
At Langara College, the Dean of Kinesiology conducts a series of interviews amongst students in KINS 2205 and collects information about their experience in the class. Based on the feedback, he then uses the testimonies from the students to develop an instrument to measure the effectiveness of the curriculum. What kind of design would this be?
Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Design
(p. 211)
If researchers are interested in predictions what type of analysis would they use?
Regression Analysis
(p. 105)
A limit to external validity is the reliance on data from W.E.I.R.D samples. What does W.E.I.R.D stand for?
A study called "Relative Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate on Body Composition" was completed in Canada, and participants were randomly assigned to four groups with different carbohydrate compositions.
Group 1 - very low, Group 2 - Low, Group 3 - Moderate, Group 4 - High.
At the end of a six week period, the research team wanted to compare all the body compositions measured. What type of test should they complete?
(p. 99)
Physiological measures (EEG, Respiration Rate) are examples of a method of data collection that can yield data that is high in ______ and ______, thus making it more objective.
What are the two ______?
Reliability and Validity
______: is a benefit of mixed methods research in that study findings and interpretations can be cross-checked and validated using a variety of data sources, perspectives, and methods.
This is known as ______?
Triangulation
(p.185 - technically from chapter 9; but seen on p. 208 and 213 of chapter 10)
In Non-Experimental Quantitative Studies, internal and external validity cannot be used as a criteria for evaluation. Why?
In order to evaluate internal and external validity, manipulation of an independent variable (as a result of a treatment or intervention) is required.
(p.114-115)
BONUS JEOPARDY
Both teams can get points for this and teams will need to grab paper / find something to draw on.
This page has a lot of great examples LOL
https://www.causeweb.org/cause/archive/repository/StarLibrary/activities/delmas2001/prototype.htm
(review question from lecture 8)