Neuro & Pain
This specialized sensory receptor is defined as a receptor that sends an afferent impulse specifically in response to pain.
What is a nociceptor?
This is the immediate, initial vascular response that occurs right after an injury to help minimize blood loss.
What is vasoconstriction?
In the ICF disability model, a patient’s status as a "star player" on a volleyball team would be categorized under this specific portion.
What are personal factors?
This is the specific tool used by clinicians to measure joint angles and range of motion.
What is a goniometer?
Within the muscle, these sensory receptors are primarily sensitive to the speed of length change.
What are muscle spindles?
This concept describes the process where sensory receptors decrease their afferent impulses after being stimulated at a constant level for a period of time.
What is accommodation?
These two specific types of afferent neurons are responsible for carrying pain stimuli.
What are A-delta and C fibers?
As the body enters the repair phase of healing, these specific cells are responsible for the production of new collagen.
What are fibroblasts?
When a healthcare provider uses a goniometer to measure a patient's progress, the resulting data is classified as this type of outcome.
What is a clinician-rated outcome?
This is the normal range of motion, measured in degrees, for active shoulder abduction in a healthy individual.
What is 180 degrees?
These sensory organs respond to tension and are specifically more sensitive to tension generated during a contraction.
What are Golgi Tendon Organs (GTOs)?
This clinical law states that bone will adapt to the mechanical loads under which it is placed.
What is Wolff’s Law?
Among the various types of afferent neurons, these are known for being the slowest conducting.
What are C fibers?
In the healing of synovial joint structures, this specific substance is actually known to inhibit the healing process of ligaments.
What is synovial fluid?
If a patient with a lateral ankle sprain has difficulty walking, this functional challenge is categorized under this component of the ICF model.
What is an activity limitation?
Since the normal range for active dorsiflexion is 20°, a patient achieving only 10° is missing this many degrees.
What is 10 degrees?
This specific reflex involves muscle spindles increasing tension to resist a change in length.
What is the stretch reflex?
This clinical law is the soft-tissue equivalent to Wolff's Law, stating that ligaments and muscle will adapt to the stress placed upon them.
What is Davis’ Law?
This specific neurotransmitter is responsible for transmitting afferent pain stimuli from peripheral receptors to the spinal cord.
What is Substance P?
This is the speed at which collagen is produced during the repair phase before it begins the remodeling process.
What is rapidly?
This category of outcomes includes a patient's assessment of their own symptoms, progress over time, and impact on daily life.
What are patient-rated outcomes?
While the measurement provided was 135 degrees, this specific knee movement was being assessed.
What is knee flexion?
This physiological process is utilized during dynamic stretching to allow the antagonist muscle to relax.
What is reciprocal inhibition?
In the acute stage of inflammation, these two outcomes of chemical mediators lead to localized swelling.
What are vasodilation and increased permeability?
This is the collective name for the non-neuronal cells in the nervous system that provide support and protection, including the regulation of pain sensation.
What is glia (or glial cells)?
A critical factor in the healing of this specific connective tissue is that collagen production is necessary but can often become excessive.
What is a tendon?
This specific type of evidence focuses on the biological healing process, pathophysiology, or pharmacology of an injury.
What is disease-oriented evidence?
This term describes the movement of the foot away from the shin, such as when pointing your toes.
What is plantarflexion?
When using a contraction of the antagonist muscle during PNF stretching, you are utilizing this specific neurological process.
What is autogenic inhibition?
Incorporating Wolff’s and Davis’ laws involves using this method early in rehab to ensure collagen fibers align along lines of tensile force.
What is controlled exercise?
Opioid pain relievers can cause glial cells to release these signaling proteins, which hyper-sensitize nerves and lead to drug tolerance.
What are cytokines?
During the repair phase, collagen is produced rapidly but quickly loses this characteristic, causing it to become firm and inelastic.
What is vascularity?
Rather than counting days, a clinician makes informed rehab decisions by monitoring how these specific signs change over time.
What are the signs of inflammation?
In the case of a lateral ankle sprain, a clinician would track this physical metric at regular intervals to detect changes in swelling.
What is ankle girth (or size)?
This occurs when the contraction of an agonist muscle causes a reflex relaxation of the antagonist muscle.
What is reciprocal inhibition?
One of the primary physiological goals of Passive Range of Motion (PROM) is to aid this type of movement for joint lubrication and nutrition.
What is synovial movement?
These two specific types of glial cells monitor neural activity, provide nourishment, and release factors that can either sensitize or dampen neurons.
What are astrocytes and microglia?
If a patient lacks right elbow motion specifically due to joint structures (rather than muscle), the condition would be reported as this.
What is a flexion contracture?
This portion of the ICF model relates to the specific participation restrictions a patient experiences in society or their community.
What are participation factors/restrictions?
If a patient achieves only 90° of active shoulder abduction, they are lacking this many degrees compared to the normal range.
What is 90 degrees?
An injury to these two specific types of structures would lead to a significant concern regarding the loss of proprioception.
What are ligaments and joint capsules?
This term describes a condition where tight musculature on the posterior thigh limits the range of motion in the knee.
What is a hamstring contracture?
According to this biomechanical principle, a muscle can generate its maximal force when it is at its "resting length," because this position allows for the optimal number of myosin cross-bridges to bind with actin filaments.
What is the Length-Tension Relationship?