Social Studies
any object made, modified, or used by humans—such as tools, pottery, or art—that holds cultural or historical significance
Artifact
the supreme ruler, king, and divine representative of ancient Egypt
Pharaoh
Society/group of people with an advanced way of living (government, social structure, language, and religion)
Civilization
a god, goddess, or supernatural being, often worshipped for having divine powers, or the state of being divine
Deity
are skilled manual workers who create functional or decorative items by hand, often using traditional techniques, such as potters, weavers, or blacksmiths
Artisans
the preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living organism from a past geological age
Fossil
the process of disinfecting, preserving, and restoring a deceased body to delay natural decomposition, typically for public viewing
Embalming
a low-lying, often V-shaped, depression on the Earth's surface carved over time by the erosive and depositional actions of a flowing stream
River Valley
a complex, non-creedal system of spiritual, philosophical, and cultural beliefs
Hinduism
one of the earliest known, logo-syllabic writing systems,
Cuneiform
a person, member of a tribe, or animal with no permanent home, moving seasonally or regularly from place to place to find food, water, or pasture for livestock
Nomad
was built as a tomb, acting as a monumental, and, grand, burial place
Pyramids
the artificial application of water to soil or land to assist in the production of crops, maintain landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils, typically in dry areas or during periods of inadequate rainfall
Irrigation
eternal soul's journey of leaving one physical body at death and inhabiting a new one
Reincarnation
a person who copies documents, manuscripts, and records by hand
Scribe
the transition from nomadic hunting and gathering to settled farming, enabling the domestication of plants and animals
Farming Revolution
seasonal reversal in atmospheric circulation and winds, typically causing a distinct wet summer season and a dry winter season
Monsoon
the belief in or worship of multiple gods, deities, or divine beings, often organized into a pantheon
Polytheistic
is a major world religion and philosophical system originating in 5th-century BCE India, founded by Siddhartha Gautama. Beliefs include karma (cause and effect), reincarnation (cycle of rebirth), impermanence, and the practice of morality, meditation, and wisdom to cultivate inner peace
Buddhism
a large-scale political entity comprising diverse nations, territories, or peoples under the single, often coercive, control of a supreme ruler, sovereign government, or oligarchy
Empire
the multi-generational, evolutionary process wherein wild plants or animals are genetically, behaviorally, and morphologically adapted to live in close association with, and depend on, humans
Domesticate
a rigid social structure where a person's social status, occupation, and marriage prospects are determined by their birth into a hereditary group
Caste
the religious belief or doctrine that only one God exists
Monotheistic
the highest state that someone can attain, a state of enlightenment, meaning a person's individual desires and suffering go away
Nirvana
a formal, ancient writing system, primarily used in Egypt, that combine logographic, syllabic, and alphabetic elements using pictorial symbol
Hieroglyphics