Policy periods
This policy period (1830s–1940s) aimed to keep Indigenous people separate from the white population.
Protection & Segregation
These church-run or government-controlled areas were where Indigenous people were confined under non-Indigenous supervision.
Missions and Reserves
This 1939 event was the first ever mass strike of Indigenous people, protesting cruel treatment at a mission.
Cummeragunja Walk Off
This term refers to physical objects and artifacts like land, tools, and artwork.
Material culture
This is the level of knowledge the general public has about Indigenous culture and history.
Public awareness
This policy (1930s–1960s) expected Indigenous people to live "exactly like white Australians" and adopt British customs.
Assimilation
These documents were forced upon Indigenous people to gain basic rights, provided they abandoned their traditional culture.
Exemption certificates
This 1938 protest was held on the 150th anniversary of colonization to appeal for full citizen status.
Day of Mourning
This refers to intangible parts of culture, such as language, stories, and religious beliefs.
Non-material culture
This is the attitude or opinion (positive or negative) held by the public regarding Indigenous rights.
Public views
Formally introduced in 1965, this policy was sometimes called "assimilation in disguise".
Integration
This term refers to the official, systematic removal of Indigenous children from their families, occurring from the mid-1800s to the 1970s.
Stolen Generations
This 1965 event, led by Charles Perkins, used a bus tour to expose rural racism and segregation.
Freedom Rides
This 19th-century ideology used "survival of the fittest" to justify the idea that Indigenous people were "less evolved".
Social Darwinism
This contemporary response involves (re)learning languages and traditional techniques like possum-skin cloak making.
Cultural revival
This 2007 federal response to child abuse issues in the NT was criticized for its lack of community consultation.
The Intervention
Under this system, 50% of welfare payments were restricted to "BasicsCards" usable only at certain shops.
In the 1880s, residents of this station used strikes and petitions to prevent the government from closing their home.
Coranderrk action
This sociological term means viewing a culture from the perspective of one's own, often leading to "primitive" labels.
Ethnocentrism
The term describing the Intervention, as it was seen by many as a return to this paternalistic approach, where the "government knows best".
New Paternalism
Introduced in 1972, this policy gave Indigenous communities the right to control their own destiny.
Self-determination
This 1966 event involved a 7-year strike by the Gurindji people for land rights.
Wave Hill Walk Off
This term describes the domination of another through power, restrictive legislation, or force.
Suppression
This 1967 event gave the Federal Government the power to legislate on First Nations affairs for the first time.
1967 referendum