Language
What is the highest form of animal life? No, not humans - the giraffe.
Equivocation
Don't touch the stove. It's hot.
No Fallacy (not an appeal to fear in a fallacious way)
Rooster: I bring up the sun in the morning with my crow.
False Cause
This is the great principle of nature, containing and preserving the chain of all things (a slightly obscure definition)
Reason
Congress hasn't gotten anything done this year. Each of those congressmen are so lazy.
Division (Not Sweeping Generalization. Congress as a whole could be ineffective even if every single congressman is hard-working)
I swear to tell the whole truth (but I don't promise to)
Distinction without a difference, or accent
Stalin was not a tyrant, obviously: Taylor Swift says so.
Appeal to Illegitimate Authority
"A civil war is like the heat of a fever, but a foreign war is like the heat of exercise, for in a slothful peace courage will effeminate and manners corrupt." - Francis Bacon
False Analogy
This is the meaning of the "science" of reasoning
Knowledge of the laws of right reasoning
A piece of paper is as light as a feather. I can carry 20 cases of paper, no problem!
Composition
Parent: You need to clean up your room.
Child: Oh, I see, you want me to be your personal slave!
Straw Man
Judge: You have been convicted of theft.
Prisoner: Your honor, I know you make $200,000 a year. If I'm a thief, you're a bigger one!
Ad Hominem Circumstantial
Tu Quoque que isn't really right, since the judge isn't actually a thief.
Modern philosophers are almost all atheists. Look at Machiavelli, and Hobbes, and Hume, and Mill, and Russell, and Marx, and Nietzsche, and Sartre.
Hasty Generalization
This is what the "art" of logic means
If you eat too much candy your teeth will rot. Just so, if you love someone too much, the relationship will deteriorate.
False Analogy
Customer: It won't be a real New England clam chowder if you don't put your heart into it.
Chef: Gross!
Equivocation (not accent: if it was heart, then the meaning would be "not heart, but maybe your liver")
Hey Augustine, we should go steal some pears from that tree. What, are you a chicken? If you don't think it's a good idea, you're a wuss!
Appeal to fear
1/3 = 0.3333333333333
False Precision
Reasoning that leads to conclusions with certainty. It often goes from whole to parts.
Deduction
You like tomato soup, and I like ice cream. So I'll make tomato ice cream soup!
Moderation / Compromise
God is Trinity, a community of persons. We are called to be like God, so we should be in community as well.
No Fallacy
We know of no natural cause that produced that effect. So, it must have been a miracle.
Appeal to ignorance
Tom: Why are you putting all those lemon slices in your lawn?
Jim: To keep the alligators away.
Tom: But there are no alligators within a thousand miles of here.
Jim: See, it works!
False Cause
Reasoning that leads to probable conclusions, not certain conclusions. It often goes from parts to wholes.
Induction.
Safe and warm housing is a necessity for human life. Think of those down on their luck. The City of Harrisburg should provide housing for all citizens.
Appeal to Pity (Why should this be the work of the government? Can the government afford it? Plus, this does not show they should provide it for all citizens)