1
What ligament is found under the LCL and is part of the posterior lateral corner?
arcuate ligament
What are 3 functions of the meniscus?
shock absorption, lubrication, stability, protects hyaline cartilage, diffuses weight
What is the number 1 & 2 most common problems at the knee?
1 = patellofemoral
2 = IT Band
What unlocks you from the screwhome mechanism?
popliteus
Where is the place of failure for both the ACL & PCL? Where is the position of vulnerability for both the ACL & PCL?
ACL place of failure = midsubstance
PCL place of failure = bone
ACL position of vulnerability = extension
PCL position of vulnerability = flexion
What is the longest muscle in the body?
Bonus: what is the common name for this muscle?
Sartorius
Bonus: Tailors muscle
Which meniscus gets more tears? Why?
medial because the lateral one is more mobile meaning it can move and get out of the way.
What are grasshopper eyes?
when the patellas are superior and lateral
What is likely injured if you get a yellow effusion from the knee joint? What about a bloody effusion?
yellow = likely meniscus
bloody = likely ligament, peripheral meniscus, or bone
What injury would cause swelling to fill the suprapatellar pouch first and then move down the knee?
What is the close packed, loose packed, and capsular pattern of the knee joint?
close = full extension with a little lateral rotation (screw home)
loose = 25 degrees flexion
capsular = flexion, extension
How does the thickness of the medial meniscus differ compared to the lateral meniscus?
medial is thicker posteriorly
lateral is equal thickness
What is the average Q angle for males? Females? What angle would problems likely start occuring?
males = 12 (10-15)
females = 22 (15-25)
problems = >20
Give three longterm effects of not getting ACL surgery.
mensical tears within 10 years, arthritis, patellofemoral pain
What condition would get worse as you continue to get warm?
IT band
Give 3 underlying reasons someone would experience patellofemoral problems.
>25 degree q angle
poorly developed trochlea
pronators
varus or valgus extremes
femoral anteversion
weak VMO
tight lateral retinaculum
tight hamstrings
patella alta
How much does each meniscus move posteriorly and what attaches to them that causes this movement?
Medial = 2mm, slip of semimembranosus
lateral = 10mm, slip of popliteus
How much is the patella loaded when walking, squatting, descending stairs, and climbing stairs?
walking = 0.3x body weight
climbing stairs = 2.5x body weight
descending stairs = 3.5x body weight
squatting = 7x body weight
Explain the different ACL reconstruction grafts.
autograft = from patient; patellar, quad tendon, hamstrings, IT band
allograft = cadaver; achilles, patellar
Explain what you would do with an athlete who has a 1st degree proximal superficial tear of their MCL.
brace for comfort & start ROM pretty quickly (unless they have a sharp pain with ROM)
Where in the knee does OCD typically happen?
medial side of the tibial eminence
What nerve does all motor of the low leg? What nerve goes to the anterior compartment? Lateral compartment? Posterior compartments (deep & superficial)?
motor = sciatic
anterior = deep peroneal
lateral = superficial peroneal
posterior = tibial
When during the gait cycle are hamstrings more often injured?
at the end of the swing phase when muscles are at their max length and undergo an eccentric contraction just before heel strike
Explain ACL post surgery treatment outline.
0-6 weeks: decrease swelling, increase ROM, and prevent atrophy
6-12 weeks: closed chain
greater than 4 months = light running
What are the degrees of movement for the MCL?
first degree = 0-5mm
second degree = 6-10mm
third degree = >10mm