Muscles
Which muscles make up the pes anserine?
Semitendinosus, gracilis, sartorius
Describe open and closed pack positions of the knee.
Open- 25 degrees of flexion
Closed- full extension and lateral rotation
What osteokinematic motion (knee related) would you encourage a TKA patient to do?
Flexion
Describe the osteokinematics of the ankle joint
Plantar flexion/dorsiflexion
Inversion/eversion
Abduction/Adduction
(pronation, supination)
Which nerve innervates the hamstring muscle group?
sciatic nerve
Which bone in the ankle is considered the most important for weight bearing?
Talus
Why is the Q angle of the knee significant? What is a normal Q angle?
In knee extension, 13-19 degrees is considered normal, in females can be greater.
Increase in Q angle is associated with increased risk of lateral subluxation of the patella or patellar tracking
Describe how the screw home mechanism works.
- Condyles of tibia are different sizes
External rotation occurs during the terminal degrees of knee extension (knee locks). Medial rotation during flexion.
Popliteus unlocks the knee
Which 2 muscles are considered the "stirrup of the foot?"
Fibularis longus and tibialis anterior (inversion/eversion)
Name the 3 arches of the foot and purpose?
Medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, transverse arches
- Spring for gait, shock absorption
Describe Osgood Schlatter's disease.
Inflammation of the epiphysis or growth plate on the tibial tuberosity where the tendon of the quadricpeps attach.
-Repetitive use injury, painful "bump" under kneecap
Describe arthrokinematics of talocrural joint during plantar flexion/dosiflexion.
plantar- glide anteriorly (talus)
dorsiflexion- glide posteriorly
Which nerve innervates the anterior portion of the lower leg?
Fibular/peroneal nerve
What bones make up the true ankle joint?
The talocrural joint is made up of the distal tibia and the talus forming a "tenon and mortise joint".
Why is an MCL injury more common than an LCL injury?
Demonstrate how to palpate the tibialis anterior muscle
Demonstrate/describe where the deltoid ligaments and lateral ligaments are on the ankle.
Deltoid (4) medial ankle
Lateral (3)
What are some common factors that cause plantar fasciitis?