Anatomy
This sesamoid bone sits within the quadriceps tendon and improves the mechanical advantage of the quads during knee extension.
The Patella
After ACL reconstruction, restoring this specific knee motion is prioritized early to prevent long-term gait problems.
Knee extension
During a manual muscle test, this hamstring muscle is isolated when the knee is medially rotated
Semimembranosus and semitendinosus
This is the most common mechanism of injury for IT Band Syndrome.
Overuse
Often seen with a non-contact pivoting mechanism, this injury causes immediate swelling, instability, and is positive during the Lachman’s test
ACL tear
This structure prevents excessive posterior translation of the tibia
The PCL
After a meniscus repair, this motion is often limited early to protect the healing cartilage.
Knee Flexion
Three special tests that assess the ACL
Lachman's
Anterior Drawer
Lever Test
Pivot Shift Test
A direct blow to the anterior thigh posteriorly may cause injury to this structure in the knee
ACL
Often associated with a twisting mechanism, this injury presents with medial joint line pain
Medial Menscius tear
Clicking, popping, and catching are common descriptors of pain with an injury to this anatomical structure
The Meniscus
The normal limits for knee flexion
135-145 degrees
This clinical observation describes the knees collapsing inward during standing posture, increasing stress on the medial knee structures.
Genu Valgum
A valgus force to the knee with external rotation of the tibia during a planted foot commonly produces a combination injury involving these structures.
ACL
MCL
Meniscus
This injury presents as a fluid-filled sac in posterior knee, and is often secondary to joint irritation
Baker’s Cyst
After having a knee injury, these four muscles are targeted in rehab to restore knee extension strength and stabilize the patella.
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius
This percentage is often required in comparison to the non-injured leg after surgery when referring to limb surgery in order to return to sport
90%
During knee evaluation, pain under the patella when descending stairs or sitting for long periods is commonly associated with this condition.
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Using anatomical terminology, this is the mechanism for a tibial plateau fracture.
Axial Load + Varus/Valgus Force
This injury is often caused by overuse, valgus stress, and/or tight hamstring and presents with pain and tenderness below the joint line the medial side
Pes Anserine Tendinopathy
Five actions that might cause pain if a patient has sartorius tendonitis.
Knee Flexion
Knee medial rotation
Hip flexion
Hip external rotation
Hip abduction
This muscle group should be targeted and strengthened during knee rehab to help reduce medial knee collapse and improve knee alignment during landing tasks.
Hip abductors
A basketball player takes a charge and the inside of their knee gets stepped on. During evaluation they report loss of sensation along the lateral leg and difficulty moving their foot. This structure may be involved:
Common fibular nerve
Patellofemoral stress syndrome can be caused by multiple things. Name one specific mechanism/cause BESIDES overuse
Maltracking of the patella, muscle imbalances, anatomical factors (patella baja, alta, shallow femoral groove)
This injury presents with anterior knee pain at the inferior patellar pole, often seen in young athletes in running and jumping sports
Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Syndrome