Anatomy and Landmarks
Name the largest bone in the body that forms upper portion of the hip and knee.
Femur
Define the term Ecchymosis
Bruising and discoloration due to damage int he blood vessels indicating a soft tissue or vascular injury
What injury occurs when a direct blow to the iliac crest results in severe pain, ecchymosis, and muscle guarding?
Hip Pointer
What does the acronym PRICE stand for in acute sports injury management?
Protect
Rest
Ice
Compress
Elevate
A soccer player is kicked on the lateral side of the knee during a slide tackle, causing a force that opens the medial joint space. Which ligament is injured?
MCL
Which four muscles make up the Quadriceps femoris group, and what is their primary joint action at the knee?
Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus medialis, and Vastus intermedius; primary action is Knee Extension.
What directional force movement is defined as moving a limb away from the midline of the body?
Abduction
A basketball player lands from a jump, plant-pivots, hears an audible "pop," and experiences immediate swelling and knee instability. What structure is most likely injured?
ACL
Name the gold-standard diagnostic special test used to evaluate the integrity of the ACL.
Lachmans or Anterior Drawer
A sprinter pulls up grabbing the back of their thigh halfway through a 100m dash. They report sharp pain during active knee flexion and passive hamstring stretching. What is the diagnosis and initial management?
Hamstring Strain; manage with PRICE protocol, avoid over-stretching in acute stage, and apply compression.
What primary ligament prevents anterior translation of the tibia relative to the femur?
ACL- Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Differentiate between a Valgus stress and a Varus stress applied at the knee joint.
Valgus pushes the knee medially (inward, stressing the MCL); Varus pushes the knee laterally (outward, stressing the LCL).
What condition, often called "Jumper's Knee," involves inflammation and point tenderness at the distal pole of the patella?
Patella Tendinitis
Name the test for evaluating for a possible meniscus tear in the knee where the clinician rotates the lower leg while flexing and extending the knee.
McMurray
A cross-country runner complains of lateral knee pain that worsens when running downhill. Palpation reveals tenderness over the lateral femoral epicondyle. What is the likely condition?
IT Band Syndrome, Runners Knee
Name of the largest muscle in the body that actually crosses both the hip and knee joints.
Sartorious
What is the clinical term for swelling inside a joint capsule versus swelling in the surrounding soft tissues?
Effusion
Explain the mechanism of injury and key symptoms for a C-shaped or O-shaped fibrocartilage tear in the knee joint.
Meniscal Tear; caused by weight-bearing rotational/twisting forces, resulting in joint line tenderness, clicking, locking, or giving way.
What ligament would be injured if the patient has a positive Godfrey "sag" sign?
PCL- Posterior Cruciate Ligament
An athlete sustains a heavy blow to the anterior thigh. What two acute management steps are critical to prevent myositis ossificans?
Ice applied with the knee in full flexion (to maintain muscle length) and early non-painful passive ROM; avoid heat, forceful massage, or early return to play.
Send 1 team representative to correctly palpate and name three bony landmarks on a partner within 30 seconds.
Patella, ASIS, Iliac Crest, Greater Trochanter, Femur
Define Myositis Ossificans and explain how improper treatment of a deep quadriceps contusion can cause it.
Formation of bone tissue within a muscle; caused by severe contusions, re-injury, or aggressive deep-tissue massage/heat applied too early during acute healing.
Demonstrate the proper patient positioning and wrap for applying an elastic compression wrap to an acute quad contusion.
Place patient in knee flexion (bent knee) with ice when applying compression.
Name the four components of a systematic orthopedic physical evaluation represented by the acronym HOPS.
History
Observation
Palpation
Special Test
A football player suffers a high-energy hip impact and presents lying on the field with their affected leg flexed, adducted, and internally rotated. What medical emergency is suspected, and what is the immediate action?
Hip Dislocation or Fracture; activate EMS / call 911 immediately, immobilize in position found, monitor distal pulse and sensation, do NOT attempt reduction on the field.