red flags
What is a bacterial skin infection that might spread rapidly?
Cellulitis
What is the main difference between septic arthritis and cellulitis?
Septic arthritis is an infection around joints
Cellulitis is infection of the skin
What are some special tests you would do for common peroneal neuropathy?
SLR with peroneal nerve bias
DF MMT
Crude touch assessment for LE
What would a person complain of if they have an LCL injury/tear?
Swelling over the lateral knee (LCL), instability with weight bearing and changing directions, difficulty with weight bearing due to pain and edema
What is Chondromalacia Patella? What is the main stymptom?
Degenerative changes (softening) to the articular cartilage behind the patella
Anterior knee pain that are worse with tasks that load the patellofemoral joint (running, stairs, squatting)
What would a patient present with if they had cellulitis?
Pain, swelling, warmth
Fever, chills, malaise
A patient presents with anterior knee pain after starting an exercise program a few weeks ago. Their pain is worse with activity and navigating stairs. What pathology would you suspect?
A. Patellar tendinopathy
B. Patellofemoral pain syndrome
C. ACL injury
D. Pes Anserine Bursitis
A. Patellar Tendinopathy
What are the special tests used for PCL injuries?
Posterior sag sign, posterior drawer test
What are common mechanisms of injury for a PCL tear/injury?
Dashboard in a car, anterior tibial blow to the knee, fall on flexed knee and sudden violent hyperextension of the knee
What is the "unhappy triad"?
Trauma to the ACL, MCL and Meniscus
A patient presents with a history of trauma and has severe leg pain that doesn't go away and is worse with stretching to the muscles. There is visible swelling and tenderness to the lower leg. The patient also reports numbness and tingling in their leg, what pathology do you suspect?
A. Deep vein thrombosis
B. Common peroneal neuropathy
C. Compartment syndrome
D. Cellulitis
C. Compartment Syndrome
A 50 year old patient presents with medial knee pain near the medial joint line. There may be swelling, tenderness to palpation and pain with forceful contraction of the knee flexors against resistance. What pathology do we suspect?
A. MCL injury
B. Pes anserine bursitis
C. Meniscus injury
D. LCL injury
B. Pes anserine bursitis
What are some special tests you would do for an MCL injury?
Valgus stress test, MCL palpation
What would a person complain of if they had a meniscus injury or tear?
Clicking, locking- inability to straighten or fully bend the knee
Swelling in the knee
A patient presents with pain and numbness/tingling in the calf after crossing their legs while sitting for too long. They also report not being able to fully pick their foot up off the ground when walking. What pathology do you suspect?
A. Common peroneal neuropathy
B. Knee OA
C. Lumbar Radiculopathy
D. PAD
A. Common peroneal neuropathy
A patient complains of pain in legs during exercise and has a history of type 2 diabetes, history of smoking and a sedentary lifestyle. What pathology do you suspect?
A. Cellulitis
B. Compartment syndrome
C. Septic Arthritis
D. Peripheral Arterial Disease
D. Peripheral Arterial Disease
A patient reports pain behind their knee cap that is worse with activities where their knees are bent. The pain is also worse when squatting, climbing stairs or running. What pathology should we suspect?
A. ACL injury
B. Patellofemoral pain syndrome
C. Pes anserine bursitis
D. Common peroneal neuropathy
B. Patellofemoral pain syndrome
What special tests would you do for a meniscus injury?
Thessaly's
McMurray's
Joint line palpation
What would a patient present with if they had a Bakers cyst?
Fluid filled mass in the popliteal fossa region (may cause swelling)
Limited ROM, stiffness in the back of the knee
What part of the foot would be affected if the peroneal nerve is irritated near the fibular head?
dorsum of the foot and in between the 1st and 2nd toe
If a patient presented with calf pain and swelling in their leg that is worse with standing or activity what is something we should suspect?
A. DVT
B. Fracture
C. Septic arthritis
D. Cellulitis
A. DVT
After a soccer player comes to a sudden stop after running during a game and hears a "pop". They have a positive lachman's test and anterior drawer test. What pathology might you suspect?
ACL tear
What is Osteochondritis Dissecans?
Idiopathic disease that affects subchondral bone and articular cartilage from LOSS OF BLOOD FLOW
Bone may die and break loose which leads to pain and dysfunction
What is a Salter Harris Fracture? Where do we commonly see these?
Involves epiphyseal plate or growth plate
Form of child bone fracture
15% of childhood long bone fractures
A 16 year old boy presents with pain at the front of his knee that is worse with any activity, especially when squatting, jumping or navigating stairs. He has pain during resisted knee extension starting in 90 degrees of flexion. What pathology do you suspect?
A. Baker's cyst
B. Salter Harris Fracture
C. Osgood-Schlatter Disease
D. Chondromalacia Patella
C. Osgood-Schlatter Disease