KNEE
Where is the centering point for an AP Knee projection?
1/2 inch distal to apex of patella
What two joints must be included in Femur XR?
*Extra 100: what is the anatomical names for both joints
Hip joint, Knee joint
-HIP: Femoroacetabular joint
-KNEE: Femorotibial joint
Why is a patella taken as a PA compared to an AP projection?
Less OID with a PA projection
Non-uniform joint narrowing is:
Osteoarthritis
What anatomy is demonstrated on an AP Knee projection?
Femorotibial joint space open
Slightly superimposed tibia and fibula
How much CR angle is needed for a Lateral Knee projection?
*Extra 50: Why is the CR angle added?
*Extra 50: What would be the CR angle for a XTABLE Lateral Knee?
5-7 deg cephalad
*Because the medial condyle is slightly larger than the lateral condyle
*5-7 deg caudad
*Extra 100: Explain why the rotation is required
15-20 deg internally
*To properly line up the femoral neck parallel with the IR for a true AP projection
What is the centering point for a PA Patella projection?
Mid popliteal region
Patella fractures are best visualized on what projection?
Lateral patella/knee
What anatomy is demonstrated on a projection where the patient is laying supine, leg fully extended, with 45 degrees of internal leg rotation, centering point 1/2 inch distal from apex of patella?
*Extra 50 for correct projection name
AP Medial Oblique Knee
Proximal tibiofibular joint space open
Name the projection based on the information:
Patient is kneeling in a prone position with the leg flexed 70 degrees from full extension, CR is perpendicular to IR, anatomy shown is the intercondylar fossa
PA Axial-Holmblad Method
How many degrees of rotation is required for a Lateral Femur projection?
30-45 degrees externally
What do the Tangential Patella projections demonstrate?
Patellofemoral joint space
Bone spurs are also called:
Osteophytes
What anatomy is demonstrated on a projection where the patient is laying supine, leg fully extended, with 45 degrees of external leg rotation, centering point 1/2 inch distal from apex of patella?
*Extra 50 for correct projection name
AP Lateral Oblique Knee
Medial joint space, medial condyle
Name the projection based on the information:
Patient is in a prone position with the leg flexed 40-50 degrees from full extension, CR is 40-50 degrees caudad, anatomy shown is the intercondylar fossa
PA Axial-Camp Coventry Method
What anatomy should be superimposed on a Lateral Femur projection?
Medial and Lateral condyles
Describe the Tangential-Settegast Method projection
Patient is seated on the table, knee if flexed 90 degrees, CR is angled 15-20 cephalad and directed 1/2 distal to the apex of the patella
A fracture between the greater and less trochanters is called:
Intertrochanteric fracture
Name the three projections that display the Intercondylar Fossa
*Extra 100: Name the two projections that display the Patellofemoral joint space
PA Axial-Holmblad Method
PA Axial-Camp Coventry Method
AP Axial-Beclere Method
*Tangential-Settegast Method
*Tangential-Merchant Method
Name the projection based on the information:
Patient is kneeling in a supine position with the leg flexed 40-45 degrees, CR is 40-45 degrees cephalad, anatomy shown is the intercondylar fossa
An AP Femur XR is taken and the femoral neck appears foreshortened. How would the tech fix this image to demonstrate the anatomy properly?
Internally rotate the leg 15-20 degrees
Describe the Tangential-Merchant Method projection
Patient is supine on the table with knee if flexed 45 degrees over the edge of the table, CR is angled 30 degrees caudad and directed 1/2 proximal to the base of the patella
A "fat-fluid level" within the knee joint indicating an intra-articular fracture is called:
Lipohemarthrosis
Which trochanter is best demonstrated on an AP Femur XR?
*Extra 50: Which trochanter is best seen on a Lateral Femur XR?
Greater trochanter
*Lesser trochanter