muscles
These muscles insert at the pes anserine
gracilis, sartorious, semitendinosus
Which ligament of the knee has no attachment to the joint capsule?
lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
Around which access does tibiofemoral flexion and extension occur in?
through the femoral epicondyles (medial-lateral)
Explain the concave on convex rules for open-chain hip arthrokinematics
Convex femur moving on a concave acetabulum.
Hip flexion-- posterior spin
Hip extension-- anterior spin
Which meniscus is most likely to be injured and why?
Medial meniscus- it has a lot of attachment sites within the joint capsule, it also experiences greater loads than the lateral meniscus
What muscles are extensors of the knee during weightbearing?
Rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius
Which ligament attaches proximally at the posteromedial aspect of the lateral femoral condyle? What does this prevent?
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
1st restraint: anterior translate of the tibia on femur
2nd restraint: knee hyperextension, tibial IR/ER, varus/valgus
What is the normal angle of inclination of the acetabulum?
50 degrees anterior
During the Screw Home Mechanism, what happens at the tibia during the initial 5-10 degrees of knee flexion?
The tibia internally rotates
What are the values for hip abduction and adduction
abduction: 45-50 degrees
adduction: 20-30 degrees
What muscles are often weak with Trendelenburg gait?
What is the role of the Ligamentum teres? What happens if this ligament tears?
Supplies blood through its attachment of the fovea. If this is torn, the head of the femur no longer receives blood supply and results in avascular necrosis.
What is the normal Q-angle? What does an increased Q-angle do in conjunction with the patellar tendon?
10-15 degrees. An increased Q-angle means an increased lateral force on the patella
What happens at the hip and the spine during an anterior pelvic tilt? During a posterior?
Anterior-- hip flexion and spinal extension
Posterior-- hip extension and spinal flexion
Which condyle of the femur has a larger surface and why?
Medial condyle: there is larger stress placed on the medial surface of the knee during weight bearing.
*bonus: the medial condyle has a smaller patellar surface compared to the lateral condyle because the patellar tracks more laterally.
What are the branches of the sciatic nerve? Name a muscle that is innervated by each.
Tibial Nerve- gastrocnemius, plantaris, abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi
Common fibular nerve- extensor digitorum longs
-superior fibular nerve- fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
-deep fibular nerve- tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor hallucis brevis, extensor digitorum brevis
Name the passive stabilizers of the patellofemoral joint.
MPFL, medial and lateral retinaculum, trochlear groove of femur, articular surfaces for the patella
When you are in acetabular anteversion, is the angle of inclination increased or decreased?
Increased
At what point in knee ROM does the patella significantly increase the moment arm of the quadriceps.
45-60 degrees of knee flexion
Explain the three type of FAI
Cam-- bone overgrowth on the femoral head
Pincer-- bone overgrowth of the acetabulum
mixed-- combination of both
The P-GOGO-Q muscles are responsible for what action?
External rotation
What are the 3 primary ligaments of the hip and what motions do they resist?
iliofemoral--extension, adduction and external rotation
pubofemoral--extension abduction and external rotation
ischiofemoral--extension, abduction and internal rotation
What is the normal center edge angle of the acetabulum? What is a decreased angle indicative of? Increased?
The normal value is 25-30 degrees
An decreased angle <16 is indicative of hip dysplasia
a increased angle >40 is coax profunda
In a single leg stance, what happens at the hip and spine during a contralateral pelvic hike?
Hip abduction of the stance leg
Hip adduction of the NWB leg
Femoral Acetabular Impingement