Energy Regulation
the amount of energy consumed in the diet compared with the amount expended by the body over a given period.
Energy Balance
Energy expenditure > Energy intake
Negative energy balance
Macronutrient suggested to account for 20–25% kcal of caloric load in athletes
fat
A wide range of irregular eating behaviours that are used in a misguided attempt to lose weight or maintain a lower than normal body weight
Disordered eating
Causes gastrointestinal discomfort - Nausea, vomiting, pain in stomach with a small window of effectivity
Sodium Bicarbonate
the sum of the energy used for basal metabolism, activity, processing food, deposition of new tissue, and production of milk.
Total Daily Energy Expenditure
Equations generally based on age, height, weight, gender, and fat-free mass
Predictive equations
to maximize muscle glycogen stores before an athletic event.
Carbohydrate loading
•Biological
•Social/cultural
•Psychological
Any supplement, food product, or dietary manipulation that enhanceswork capacity or athletic performance
Nutritional Ergogenic Aid
is the energy required for the digestion, absorption, metabolism and storage of food. Is higher in meals with > CHO and protein than meals with >fat
TEF (thermic effect of food)
Often considered the gold standard for measuring energy expenditure
Doubly labelled water
maximize glucose stores and hydration status while minimizing hunger and any undigested food in the stomach that could lead to abdominal distress during exercise.
Pre-workout meal
a result of restrictive eating patterns that can lead to eating disorders, abnormalities in hormone levels that cause amenorrhea and disturbances in bone formation and breakdown that contribute to osteoporosis.
Female Athlete Triad
•A legal, psychoactive substance, rapidly absorbed that improves exercise performance for events lasting 1min to 2hrs
Caffeine
negative attitudes, mistreatment, and discrimination based on weight status, particularly negative attitudes toward the obese.
Weight stigmatization
•Free fat mass
•Fat mass
•Gender (0% after you account for fat mass)
•Growth Rate
•Age
Factors that affect BMR
to rapidly replenish fluid, electrolyte, and glycogen losses and provide amino acids for muscle protein synthesis and repair.
Post-workout meal
‘Unhealthy obsession’ with eating food considered to be healthy or beneficial
Improves performance associated with repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise with short recovery periods
Most variable component of TDEE (2)
Physical activity and volitional exercise
PYY, CCK, PP and Leptin
Satiety peptides
The activity factor for an athlete training 7-14 hr/wk
1.5-1.8
Type of prevention: Early identification and referral for medical support
Side effects may include gynecomastia, cancer (prostate, testicular, pancreatic), aggressiveness, reproductive dysfunction
DHEA