KNOWLEDGE RECAP JEOPARDY

Definitions

100

This is a term for a belief that is supported by evidence and reason.

Knowledge

200

This is the difference between knowledge and information.

Information:

• Raw data: Think of it as the building blocks. It's facts, figures, and details that may or may not be organized.
• Objective:  Information exists independently of any interpretation.
• Easy to transfer: You can easily share information through various mediums (books, articles, conversations).
• Examples: A list of dates, a collection of numbers, a news report.

Knowledge:

• Processed information:  Information that has been analyzed, interpreted, and understood. It's the structure built with those building blocks.
• Subjective: Knowledge is often influenced by personal experiences, beliefs, and context.
• Harder to transfer:  Sharing knowledge requires teaching, learning, and often experience. It can't always be easily communicated.
• Actionable: Knowledge can be used to make decisions, solve problems, and innovate.
• Examples: Understanding the historical context of those dates, knowing the meaning behind those numbers, applying the insights from that news report.

Analogy:

Imagine you have a pile of bricks, cement, and wood (information).  Knowledge is like the blueprint that tells you how to use those materials to build a house, as well as the understanding of architecture and construction principles that allows you to actually build it.

300

These are the three key components of a knowledge claim.

Claim: a statement that asserts something to be true.

Evidence: Support or justification for the claim. 

Assumption: Underlying beliefs or principles that connect the evidence to the claim.

400

Difference between knowledge and belief

• Belief: Something accepted as true, often based on personal conviction, faith, or trust, without necessarily requiring rigorous proof.
• Knowledge: True, justified belief. It requires evidence and a solid foundation of reasoning to support the belief.

500

Why is knowledge considered valuable:

• Problem-solving: Knowledge allows us to understand the world, analyze situations, and find solutions to challenges.
• Decision-making: Informed decisions rely on accurate and relevant knowledge.
• Innovation and progress: Knowledge fuels creativity, leading to new discoveries, inventions, and advancements in various fields.
• Understanding and meaning: Knowledge helps us make sense of our experiences, connect with others, and find meaning in life.
• Empowerment: Knowledge equips individuals with the tools to navigate the world, advocate for themselves, and contribute to society.

Knowledge questions

100

This type of question explores the nature of knowledge and how we know what we know:

Epistemological questions.

200

This is the relationship between knowledge questions and real-world issues:

• Knowledge questions arise from real-world issues and help us critically examine the assumptions, evidence, and perspectives surrounding those issues. They encourage deeper analysis and exploration of complex problems.

300

This is why knowledge questions are considered open-ended:

• They don't have a single, definitive answer. They invite exploration, different perspectives, and ongoing inquiry.

400

This is how knowledge questions differ from factual questions:

• Factual questions: Seek specific information with a clear right or wrong answer. (e.g., "What is the capital of France?")
• Knowledge questions: Explore broader concepts, perspectives, and methodologies. (e.g., "How do we know what is true?")

500

This is how knowledge questions can be used to evaluate the reliability of sources:

By asking knowledge questions about a source (e.g., "What are the author's biases?", "What evidence is used to support the claims?"), we can critically assess its credibility, perspective, and potential limitations.

Claims

100

This type of claim can be proven or disproven with evidence:

Objective claim

200

This type of claim expresses a personal belief or judgment:

Subjective claim

300

This is how to distinguish between objective and subjective claims:

• Objective claims: Based on facts and evidence that can be independently verified.
• Subjective claims: Based on personal interpretations, opinions, or feelings.

400

This is how to evaluate the validity of a claim:

• Assess the evidence: Is it relevant, sufficient, and credible?
• Consider the source: Is the source reliable, unbiased, and knowledgeable?
• Identify logical fallacies: Are there any errors in reasoning that weaken the claim?
• Seek alternative perspectives: Are there other viewpoints that challenge the claim?

500

This is how to identify underlying assumptions in a claim:

• Look for unstated beliefs: What must be true for the claim to hold?
• Consider the context: What cultural, social, or historical factors might influence the claim?
• Analyze the language: Are there any loaded words or phrases that reveal underlying assumptions?

Evidence

100

This is the role of evidence in supporting a knowledge claim:

Evidence provides a foundation for a claim, making it more convincing and credible.

200

This is the difference between evidence and justification:

• Evidence: Facts, data, or observations presented in support of a claim.
• Justification: The reasoning that connects the evidence to the claim, explaining why the evidence supports the claim.

300

These are the three types of evidence:

• Empirical evidence: Gathered through observation or experimentation (e.g., scientific data, survey results).
• Logical evidence: Based on reasoning and deduction (e.g., mathematical proofs, logical arguments).
• Testimonial evidence: Based on personal accounts or expert opinions (e.g., eyewitness testimony, expert quotes).

400

This is how to evaluate the quality of evidence:

• Relevance: Does the evidence directly relate to the claim?
• Sufficiency: Is there enough evidence to support the claim?
• Credibility: Is the evidence from a trustworthy source?
• Accuracy: Is the evidence free from errors or distortions?

500

This is how bias can affect the interpretation of evidence:

• Confirmation bias: People tend to favor evidence that confirms their existing beliefs.
• Selective attention: People may focus on evidence that supports their viewpoint and ignore contradictory evidence.
• Emotional bias: Emotions can cloud judgment and lead to misinterpretations of evidence.
• Cultural bias: Cultural background can shape how people perceive and interpret evidence.

Perspectives

100

This is how personal perspectives can influence knowledge construction:

Our individual experiences, beliefs, values, and cultural background shape how we interpret information and construct knowledge.

200

This is the role of culture in shaping knowledge:

Culture provides a framework of shared values, beliefs, and practices that influence how knowledge is generated, validated, and transmitted within a community.

300

This is how to identify and challenge personal biases:

• Self-reflection: Critically examine your own beliefs and assumptions.
• Seek diverse perspectives: Actively engage with people who hold different viewpoints.
• Consider alternative explanations: Be open to the possibility that your initial interpretation may be biased.

400

This is the importance of considering diverse perspectives:

Diverse perspectives broaden our understanding, challenge our assumptions, and help us develop more nuanced and comprehensive knowledge.

500

This is how knowledge can be used to promote understanding and ethical action:

• Empathy and compassion: Understanding others' perspectives fosters empathy and compassion.
• Critical thinking: Knowledge equips us to evaluate information and make informed decisions.
• Social justice: Knowledge can be used to identify and challenge injustice and inequality.
• Global citizenship: Knowledge promotes understanding of different cultures and encourages responsible global engagement.