Random
the term which convert food into energy that we can use
Bioenergetics
List some permissive/ slow acting horones?
Thyroxine, cortisol, and growth hormone
What is the bank, wallet, and change analogy stand for?
Oxidative - Bank
Glycolysis - Wallet
Change - Change
What is term that breaks down of Glycogen to glucose
Glycogenolysis
What are the other names for the Krebs Cycle? For full points list ALL
Tricarboxylic acid
citric acid cycle
Name the rate limiting enzyme for glycolysis, and the krebs cycle.... for an extra 100 points name the rate limiting enzyme for electron transport chain.
Glycolysis ⏩ Phosphofructokinase, Krebs cycle ⏩ Isocitrate dehydrogenase, Electron transport chain ⏩ Cytochrome oxidase
What activates Ca2+ during the phospholipase second messenger mechanism?
Calmodulin
What is another name for ETC, keep in mind ETC requires O2.
Oxidative Phosphorylation
What is the name of the reaction that turns Glycogen to Glucose 1 Phosphate?
Glycogen Phosphorylate
To end Krebs Cycle acetyl CoA combines with________
Oxaloacetate
As you know there are multiple stages of lipid catabolism, Name each stage that is involved, note there is 1 that is commonly forgotten about.
Mobilization, transport, uptake, action, beta oxidation, mitochondrial oxidation
What is the magnitude of effect dependent on...
How much Hormone is there
# of receptors on the cell
Affinity of the receptor
What kind of reactions take place in the electron transport chain? It results NADH to NAD+, FADH2 TO FAD
Oxidation Reduction
How does phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) turn into pyruvate?
VIA Pyruvate Kinase
NAME the enzyme that is involved with FADH2, and NAME THE ENZYME involved with ATP.
succinate dehydrogenase or sdh, succinyl coa synthethase
What term states that there is a delay before the body can get oxygen to the muscles that are working. That being said we only have enough ATP to last us the first 10 seconds
O2 deficit
Simran is stressed because she misses her boyfriend. What does this stimulate?
Cortisol
Where does the electron transport chain pump hydrogen ions? Which results in H+ gradient across the membrane. The energy released forms ATP as H+ ions diffuse back...
Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
Explain the energy investment phase and energy generation phase, and how many ATP from each.
Energy investment phase (Lose 2 ATP
involves the investment of two ATP molecules and results in the formation of two molecules of glyceraldehyde phosphate.
Energy Generation phase (Gain 2 or 3 ATP if you use glycogen)
Energy is extracted from the molecule and stored in the form of NADH and ATP.
4 ATP produced
2 NADH produced (Go to ETC)
2 pyruvate or 2 lactate
Net Production
1 glucose → 2 pyruvate or 2 lactate
2 ADP → 2 ATP
2 NAD+ → 2 NADH
List all 3 enzymes that are involved with the productions of NADH & H+
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
malate dehydrogenase
Name the 3 reasons why we measure lactate threshold? For an extra 100 pts, what does a high lactate threshold indicate?
Training Status, Establishes training intensity, Predicts endurance performance
What maintains plasma glucose? Hint there are 4 processes. Name as many as possible, points will be awarded on responses.
1. Mobilization of glucose from liver glycogen stores
2. Mobilization of FFA from adipose tissue (sparing)
3. Gluconeogenesis from amino acids, lactic acid, and glycerol
WHAT AM I?
H+ are pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane into intermembrane space. Creates electrochemical gradient because H+ ions wants to re-enter. When 2 H+ flow back it transfers them to one O2 molecule. ATP synthase uses the electrochemical gradient making H2O
Cytochrome Oxidase
in glycolysis, which enzymes are responsible for losing and gaining ATP? Hint there are 4 ENZYMES, we gain 2 ATP and lose 2 ATP! Points will given based on correctness.
Hexokinase - 1 ATP
Phosphofructokinase -1 ATP
Phosphoglycerate kINASE +1 ATP
Pyruvate Kinase +1 ATP
At the end of Krebs cycle how many NADH, FADH2, Direct ATP are there. Note that each glucose molecule generates 2 turns, list which are direct and indirect ATP. For a extra 100 pts name the reaction that creates direct ATP?
1 Cycle = 10 ATP, --> 3 NADH+H, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP
2 CYCLE = 20 ATP --> 6 NADH +H, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP (18) (2)
NADH, FADH ARE INDIRECT
ATP ARE DIRECT
SUCCINYL COA SYNTHETASE