Vowels - Short
How many short vowels exist in RP English?
6
What is the definition of a diphthong?
A diphthong is a vowel in which the speaker's tongue changes position while it is being pronounced. In other words, it is a sound that begins with one vowel and gradually changes to another vowel within the same syllable
What is the difference between a voiced and a voiceless consonant?
Voiced - the vocal chords vibrate. Unvoiced - no vibration of the vocal chords.
Transcribe the following word:
1. three
1. θriː
What is "tonic stress"?
Tonic stress refers to the syllable in a word which receives the most stress in an intonation unit.
What 2 places in a word do we tend to find short vowels?
1. before two consonants (ex: cAttle)
2. before a consonant (besides r) at the end of a word (ex: bEd)
What two kinds of diphthongs exist in english?
1. centering diphthongs [eə], [ɪə], [ʊə] (go to the center of the mouth, aka the schwa)
2. closing diphthongs [aɪ], [eɪ], [ɔɪ], [əʊ], [aʊ] (the lips/mouth closes on the second vowel sound)
What symbol represents the following sounds?
1. peopLE
2. doING
1. ɫ
2. ɪŋ
Transcribe the following words:
1. red
2. harvest
1. red
2. ˈhɑːvɪst
Most English suffixes are ________. This means they don't affect the stress pattern of the word.
neutral.
What short vowel is in the following words?
1. dog
2. cat
1. ɒ
2. æ
What long vowel/diphthong is in the following words?
1. my
2. beer
1. aɪ
2. ɪə
What symbols represent the following spellings?
1. ch
2. a glide (as in "pupil")
3. th, voiced and voiceless
1. tʃ
2. j
3. ð, θ
Transcribe the following words:
1. whose
2. these
3. the
1. huːz
2. ðiːz
3. ðə
1. Most 2 syllable words have the stress on the _______ syllable.
2. What vowel(s) is/are the unstressed syllable usually?
1. first
2. [ə] or [I] or [i]
What short vowel sound is in the following words?
1. bed
2. sit
3. custom
1. e
2. I
3. ʌ
What long vowel/diphthong is in the following words?
1. sea
2. poem
3. bird
1. iː
2. əʊ
3. ɜː
1. Do you pronounce the "w" in words that start with "wr"?
2. Should you pronounce "h" at the start of words, with some exceptions?
1. no
2. yes
Transcribe the following:
Stanley grabbed the money.
ˈstænli ˈɡræbd ðə ˈmʌni
1. With prefixes, if a prefix has a clear meaning, it often carries a _____________ stress.
2. Transcribe, with stress, this word: "to reveal"
1. secondary
2. tə rɪˈviːl
What short vowel is in the following words?
1. mystery
2. long
3. push
4. bull
1. I
2. ɒ
3. ʊ
4. ʊ
What long vowel/diphthong is in the following words?
1. move
2. world
3. storm
4. hour
1. uː
2. ɜː
3. ɔː
4. aʊə
What three things can describe a consonant?
1. voicing (whether or not your vocal chords vibrate)
2. place of articulation
3. Manner of articulation: Manner of articulation refers to how air is released through the vocal tract to create sound. Airflow release is controlled by the articulators
Transcribe the following:
When Sam was a child, the cat used to sleep in his cot.
ˈwen ˈsæm ˈwɒz ə ˈtʃaɪld ðə ˈkæt ˈjuːzd tə ˈsliːp ɪn hɪz ˈkɒt
1. What are stress imposed endings?
2. If the ending has a double vowel or comes from French, where does the stress go?
3. If the ending is -ic or -ical, the primary stress usually goes on the __________ syllable.
1. Strong endings that determine the placement of the primary stress.
2. On the final syllable.
3. preceeding