RNA vs DNA
Transcription and Translation
Mutations
Metabolic Pathways
General Biology
100
What is ONE difference between RNA and DNA?
** not the R and D
DNA - stays in the nucleus, double stranded, A-T and C-G
RNA - made in nucleus but goes to ribosome, single stranded, A-U and C-G
100
Where does Transcription occur in the cell?
The nucleus
100
What is a mutagen?
causes mutation to occur
x-rays
gamma rays
UV light
chemicals
radioactive materials
100
Using the metabolic pathway diagram below - identify how many different products are made?
3
100
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
200
How many hydrogen bonds are there between A and T/U and C and G?
A-T/U = 2 hydrogen bonds
C-G = 3 hydrogen bonds
200
Where does Translation occur in the cell?
Ribosome
200
Define this mutation
Insertion
200
What is the definition of a metabolic pathway?
A series of enzyme controlled reactions where the product from one reaction becomes the substrate for the next reaction
200
Why is blood red?
Because of the iron found in the haemoglobin protein that is contained in red blood cells. That’s why your blood tastes a bit like rust.
300
Why does the DNA need to stay inside the nucleus?
Too big to leave the nucleus
Needs to be protected as it has all of the instructions
300
What is the role of tRNA?
To transfer amino acids to the ribosome to make a polypeptide chain
300
Name this mutation
subsitution
300
In the diagram below - how many intermediaries are made?
2
300
When is your brain most active?
During the night
400
What is the difference between a triplet, a codon and a anticodon?
triplet - DNA
codon - mRNA
anticodon - tRNA
400
What is the role of the mRNA?
to act as a messenger taking the information for a specific gene to the ribosome to be translated into a protein/polypeptide chain
400
What is a frameshift mutation?
changes the 'reading frame' of 3 consecutive bases (triplet in DNA, codon in mRNA)
These are caused by insertion and deletion mutations
400
Using the metabolic pathway diagram below, what would happen if there was a mutation in the gene that encodes for Enzyme 3?
There would be no final product (Melanin) produced
400
What is the largest organ in the human body?
Skin
500
What is the connection between a codon, a anticodon and an amino acid?
the codon on mRNA and anticodon on tRNA complementary base pair together and the tRNA brings the corresponding amino acid to join the polypeptide chain. You use the codon to determine which amino acid
500
Using the codon chart below - identify the amino acid sequence
AUG - CAC - AGG - UGU - CUA - UAG
Met - His - Arg - Cys - Leu - STOP
500
What is the effect of this mutation on the final protein?
deletion mutation causes a frameshift. This no longer encodes for the same animo acid sequence so the resulting protein does not fold correctly and would not be able to carry out the same function
500
Using the metabolic pathway diagram below - describe how we produce product C
Enzyme 1 catalyses the starting molecule to produce product B. Enzyme 2 catalyses product B to become product C
500
What 2 parts of the human body never stop growing?
Nose and ears