The cells
What cell type is involved with 95% of all skin cancers?
keratinocytes
How many layers are found in the epidermis?
5
The skin is considered an organ. Explain why this statement is true.
it contains several types of tissues and a membrane and it covers the body
what are the 2 functions of joints?
1. They hold our bones together via ligaments and joint capsules.
2. Allows the skeletal system flexibility so that body movements can occur.
what is the main function of Articular Disks (Menisci)
act as shock absorbers between the adjacent bones
and also serve to deepen the “socket” and improve the fit between bones thereby
increasing the stability of the joint.
What is keratinization?
The process by which vertebrate epithelial cells become filled with keratin protein filaments, die, and form tough, resistant structures such as skin, nails, and hair
On average, how often does your epidermis completely replace itself through mitosis?
every two to four weeks
Why are the arrector pili muscles in the dermis of little value in humans?
was originally used for Fluffing up hair or fur creates pockets to trap air and warm the body. It also can make the animal look bigger as protection against threatening creatures. Humans still have the response of the arrector pili muscle pulling up the hair shaft, but we have no use for it, making it vestigial
What are the 3 types of joints?
Synovial, fibrous, cartilaginous
what is the main function of Articular (hyaline) Cartilage?
prevents bone from touching bone permitting easy movement of the joint.
What cell type is involved in 5% of skin cancers and is the most deadliest?
What is the predominant tissue type that makes up the dermis?
dense, fibrous connective tissue
What 2 layers are firmly cemented together along an undulating border called the papillary
layer?
epidermis and dermis
Name 2 out of the 4 components of synovial joints
1.are composed entirely of connective tissue.
2.contain NO epithelial cells.
3.Are only found lining the cavities of freely movable (synovial) joints.
4.secrete a lubricating fluid called synovial fluid to reduce friction
what is a Arthritic conditions
-inflammatory or degenerative diseases that
damage joints.
-Many different types; classified by cause
-Most types appear to have a genetic predisposition
What are dendritic (langerhan) cells and what do they do?
Immune cells; the appropriate adaptive immune response (inflammation or tolerance) by interpreting the microenvironmental context in which they encounter foreign substances
Why do keratinocytes multiply by mitosis
again and again?
Because of the Epidermal growth factor
Name the 4 functions of the hypodermis
1. Acts as cushioning/padding to protect organs
2. Acts as insulation to retain body heat
3. Stores of fat (lipid) soluble vitamins
4. Stores surplus kilocalories as fat from overeating
What is the function of synovial fluid and how does it get into joint cavity?
reduce friction between the articular cartilages of synovial joints during movement.
enters the joint space from the subsynovial capillaries and hyaluronic acid, which is secreted by the synoviocytes
WHat are the 3 arthritic conditions?
osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis
What is the most predominate (most abundant) cell type of the epidermis?
keratinocytes
Stratum Corneum, how thick is it and what is its function?
protect the inner layers of skin; about 20 layers of cells thick
what are the 6 functions of the skin?
protection, thermoregulation, sensation, vitamin D synthesis, excretion
what is the difference between ligaments and tendons?
ligaments attach bone to bone
tendons attach muscle to bone
what does NSAIDs
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are medicines that are widely used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and bring down a high temperature