Mitosis
The process that results in new cells with genetic material that is identical to the original cell?
What is mitosis?
The process by which the chromosome number is halved.
What is meiosis?
This term describes a cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
What is diploid?
This is the phase where the cell spends most of its life, performing normal functions and preparing for division.
What is interphase?
During this stage, chromosomes line up along the cell’s equatorial plane, preparing for separation.
What is metaphase?
During this mitotic stage, chromosomes align at the equatorial plane of the cell.
What is metaphase?
The number of cycles that meiosis goes through.
What are two?
These cylindrical structures, found in animal cells, help organize the mitotic spindle and are located within the centrosome.
What are centrioles?
This sub-phase of interphase is where DNA replication occurs.
What is the S phase (synthesis phase)?
During this stage, sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell.
What is anaphase?
The longest phase in mitosis is when chromosomes condense.
What is prophase?
The process in meiosis that ensures more genetic variation.
What is crossing over?
This constricted region of a chromosome is where sister chromatids are held together and where spindle fibers attach during mitosis.
What is a centromere?
This checkpoint ensures that the cell has properly duplicated its DNA before entering mitosis.
What is the G₂ checkpoint?
During this final stage, nuclear envelopes re-form around each set of chromosomes, and the chromosomes begin to decondense.
What is telophase?
This structure, composed of microtubules, is responsible for moving chromosomes during mitosis.
What is the mitotic spindle?
This event occurs during anaphase I of meiosis, reducing the chromosome number by half.
What is the separation of homologous chromosomes?
These haploid reproductive cells, such as sperm and eggs, are formed through the process of meiosis.
What are gametes?
If DNA damage is detected at this checkpoint, the cell may halt division or undergo apoptosis.
What is the G₁ checkpoint?
This process follows mitosis and meiosis, physically dividing the cytoplasm to result in two separate daughter cells.
What is cytokinesis?
Failure in this final stage of mitosis, where nuclear envelopes reform and the cell prepares to divide, can result in multinucleated cells.
What is telophase?
During this specific phase of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes undergo crossing over, increasing genetic diversity.
What is prophase I?
This checkpoint ensures all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before the cell proceeds to anaphase.
What is the spindle assembly checkpoint (or metaphase checkpoint)?
This structure, duplicated during the S phase, plays a critical role in organizing the mitotic spindle.
What is the centrosome?
DNA and protein associated together (the material of a chromosome)
What is chromatin?