Models
What is an animal model?
Non human species used in research to mimic aspects of disease found in humans
What is the domestic mouse?
popular animal model due to its small size, calm nature, low cost, ease of manipulation.
What is the Animal Welfare act
USDA regulates the use of animals used for research.
What are warm-blooded vertebrates?
animal welfare act is designed to regulate the use of only this group of animal models in research, teaching, and testing.
what is genetic engineering
process which increases, decreases, or removes a gene that is already present in organism
What is reduce
What is the Norway rat?
second most widely used animal research model has many attributes of mice, but larger and more complex.
What is in-house breeding?
some researchers develop their own lines of research animals (animal husbandry) like mice or rats.
group of animals is regulated only when used for research, not when produced for slaughter
what are transgenes
artifically introduced into the genome of another organism
What is Replace?
over time animal procedures get eliminated to shift to better research strategies
What are zebrafish?
the most common fish used in animal models
What is a Class A Dealer?
class of dealer is licensed by USDA to breed, raise, sell animals for research.
What are lab rats and mice
Two types of rodents make up 95% of all vertebrate animals used in research.
what are non-human primates?
group of animal species like monkeys, baboons, chimpanzees that account for less than 0.5% of animals used in current med research
What is refine?
One of 3 R's that requires more background work and computer modeling to reduce likely variables that may complicate research
What are the fruit fly and nematode?
this fly and little multi-celled worm are two of the most common insects used as models
What is a Class B dealer?
animal dealer is licensed by USDA but does not raise their own animals, but gets them from somewhere else.
what are guinea pigs and rabbits?
two species of rodents were among the first animals used in medical research.
What are knock out mice
What are biochemical and cellular interactions?
scientists rely on these types of interactions before moving to research on animal models
What is saccharomycetales?
most common single celled organism used as animal models.
What is the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service>
registered research institutions must submit an annual report to this agency on use of animal models.
what are dogs and cats
in recent decades, these animals, due to be domesticated, have not been tested due to public pressure.
what is xenotransplantation
process of grafting or transplanting organ or tissues between species of animals