BMP
CMP
Cardiac Biomarkers
Cardiac Enzymes
Microbiology
100
What labs are drawn in a BMP?
Electrolytes (Na, K, Ca, Cl)
Blood Glucose
Total CO2/Bicarb
AGAP
BUN
Creatinine
100
What labs are additionally added to make it a COMPREHENSIVE metabolic panel?
Proteins - total; albumin
LFT's - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphate, Bilirubin
100
Give an example of a Cardiac Biomarker.
BNP / NT-proBNP
CRP
D-Dimer
Homocysteine
Lipoproteins (LDL, HDL, VLDL/Triglys, Lp(a))
Fibrinogen
100
Which labs are highly sensitive and specific for myocardial injury?
Troponin I, Troponin T
100
When are stool studies used? Give an example of a stool study.
hematochezia (blood in the stool you dingbats); diarrhea; abd cramping
Stool culture, GI panel
Parasites
CDiff by PCR
200
What is the AGAP formula? Why is it used?
AG = (Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3-)
Differential diagnosis of metabolic acidosis
200
What are the ALT (Alanine transferase) reference ranges for females and males?
Male: 9-46 U/L
Female: 6-29 U/L
200
BNP >100 pg/mL is suggestive of?
CHF
200
When might cardiac troponins be falsely elevated?
Renal failure
Age / gender
Systemic inflammation
200
Which culture has a high rate of false-negatives
Fungal culture
300
What would you suspect in a patient with early Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)?
Hypernatremia - high sodium levels
300
Patients with alcoholism are at a higher risk for? Why is that important?
Vitamin B6 deficiency
ALT is dependent on B6 - allows levels of AST to reach higher levels.
300
VLDL production, function, and associated risk
Produced in the liver
Transports triglycerides to peripheral tissues
Elevated levels increases risk for cardiovascular disease (like LDL)
300
When do myoglobin levels peak?
within 4-6 hours
300
NAAT is used for? What type of culture is it
Concern for STI (ex: chlamydia, gonorrhea)
Throat culture
400
Draw the fishbone for a BMP
400
If a patient has acute heptaocellular injury AND elevated LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) levels, this can be indicative of?
Ischemic hepatitis
400
ACS, positive biomarkers, ST segment depression OR new T-wave inversion on an EKG indicates
NSTEMI
400
What is CK-MB highly sensitive and specific for? Is this value the best way to assess ACS?
Sensitive / specific for myocardial cell wall injury.
No, troponins are most specific / sensitive
400
Rapid antigen detection test (RADT) is best when testing for which bacteria?
Streptococcal Pharyngitis
500
Prerenal azotemia results in a decrease of what value?
GFR
500
GGT is most sensitive for?
Obstructive jaundice
500
Prolonged hyperhomocysteinemia is an increased risk for what? Why is it important to cardiomyopathy?
Increased risk of atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis increases risk to arterial damage, blood clots, heart attacks (MIA), strokes (CVA)
500
ST segment elevation indicates
MI (myocardial infarction)
500
A monospot test will show what if positive?
Heterophile Antibody