Vocabulary
Volcanoes
Rocks and Minerals
Earthquakes
Miscellaneous
100
The study of earthquakes is called __?__.
Seismology
100
True or False: Volcanoes cannot form at convergent and divergent boundaries.
False; Volcanoes CAN form at both convergent and divergent boundaries.
100
True or False: All rocks are formed from other rocks.
True; all rocks are formed from other rocks. A rock is a mixture of minerals.
100
What type of earthquake wave hits first?
P waves or primary waves hit first.
100
True or False: Assuming no major changes, the oldest rocks will be at the top layer of Earth.
False: the youngest rocks will be on top.
200
What is magma and lava? What is the difference between them?
Magma is molten rock below ground while lava is molten rock above ground. The difference between the two is their location.
200
Volcanoes mostly occur at the edges of __?__.
tectonic plates
200
What are natural, inorganic substances with a definite chemical composition and structure called?
Minerals
200
What type of wave is an up and down wave and hits second?
S waves or secondary waves
200
What are the layers of the Earth? List them starting with the inner most layer.
Core, mantle, crust.
300
What is it called when plates converge and the denser one goes under the other plate?
Subduction
300
Match the three types of eruptions (oozing, violent, and both) to the three types of volcanoes (shield, composite, and cinder cone).
Oozing eruptions cause shield volcanoes. Violent eruptions cause cinder cone volcanoes. Alternations of both violent and oozing eruption cause composite volcanoes.
300
What type of rock can be intrusive or extrusive and is formed by melting and cooling of rocks?
Igneous rocks
300
This wave is a combination of the other two types of waves and is the most destructive.
surface waves
300
What are the two types of crust? Which one is the thicker crust?
Continental crust and oceanic crust; continental crust is thicker.
400
What was the one large supercontinent that Wegener proposed called?
Pangaea
400
What is the epicenter? What is the focus? What is the difference between the two?
The epicenter is the place on Earth's surface where an Earthquake starts. The focus is the place deep in the Earth where an earthquake starts. The difference is their location.
400
This rock is most likely to contain fossils and can have other pieces of rocks in them.
Sedimentary
400
What is a seismograph used for and how does it work? (Hint: describe how the pen and paper move, relative to each other.)
Seismograph measures earthquakes by having a very heavy pen, with lots of inertia. The paper under the pen moves when the earth moves during an earthquake.
400
Match the three types of slopes (very steep, gentle slope, and medium steepness) and three types of bases (large, medium, and small) to the correct type of volcano (composite, cinder cone, and shield).
Shield: gentle slope and large base Cinder Cone: very steep and small base Composite: medium steepness and medium base
500
What is the Ring of Fire and where is it located?
The Ring of Fire is a ring of volcanoes around the Pacific ocean.
500
Match the type of volcano (Shield, cinder cone, or composite) with example: Mount St. Helens in Washington, Mount Kilawa in Hawaii, and Paricutin in Mexico.
Mount Kilawa in Hawaii is an example of a shield volcano. Paricutin in Mexico is an example of a cinder cone volcano. Mount St. Helens in Washington is an example of a composite volcano.
500
What kind of rock is formed from other rocks that have partially melted from heat and pressure. An example is slate or marble.
Metamorphic
500
What is the Richter Scale and how do the numbers on the Richter Scale compare to each other?
Richter scale measures how powerful earthquakes are. Every number on the Richter scale is 30 x more powerful than the last number.
500
What are two examples of physical weathering? Two examples of chemical weathering?
Physical weathering can be rocks falling from a cliff and breaking apart, frost wedging, or pebbles in a stream breaking down into sand. Chemical weathering can be acid rain reacting with marble in an old statue or oxygen changing iron into hematite to rust.
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