Race & Inequality in Labor
Even with reforms, unions discriminated against this group of workers.
Who are people of color?
Houston's economy expanded largely due to this industry tied to energy production.
What is the oil industry?
Workers used this tactic to show collective resistance by refusing to work until demands were met.
What is a strike?
This 1877 strike marked on of the first nationwide labor uprisings in U.S. history.
What is the Great Railroad Strike?
This president response to a 1981 strike signaled a shift against unions.
Who is Ronald Reagan?
In the late 20th century, these group of workers still face this ongoing issue in the workplace.
What is discrimination?
The major infrastructure project helped turn Houston into a major industrial hub.
What is the Houston Ship Channel?
Workers gained more rights through laws bannig discrimination.
What is the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
In what timeline did labor activism first begin through strikes despite limited legal protections and government suppression?
What is 1877-1920?
The federal government responded to labor unrest with this approach instead than expanding worker protections.
In what timeline did labor unions become more established and influential in the U.S.?
What is 1921-1965?
During Houston's rapid industrial expansion, this sector created large numbers of jobs but often lacked strong safety protections.
What is the manufacturing or industrial labor section?
This law shows how the government began to address worker safety more directly.
What is the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)?
In 1981, this event led to thousands of workers being fired after refusing to return to work, marking a major turning point in the decline of union power.
What is the PACTO Strike?
This marked a shift toward formal systems for handling disputes between workers and employers instead of direct confrontation.
What is labor mediation?
Labor rights often failed to reach minority workers because of this ongoing barrier within both workplaces and unions.
What is systemic racial exclusion (segregation)?
Job opportunities expanded in industries like oil and shipping but this often failed to improve living standards for many workers.
What is wage stagnation?
This type or worker organization grew stronger by negotiating wages and conditions behalf of groups of workers.
What are labor unions?
The federal agency played a role in shaping labor relations by setting limits on how strikes and collective bargaining could unfold.
What is the National Labor Relatives Board?
Who signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 on July 2, 1964?
Who is President Lyndon Johnson?
Inequality is best explained by this system rooted in both law and society
What is systemic racial and economic inequality?
Which factor shaped by industrial expansion consistently benefited employers and industries more than workers?
What is the concentration of economic power in industry and government policy?
In which timeline did declining union membership and changing economic policy contribute to reduced collective bargaining power for many workers?
What is 1966-2010?
This major shift in federal and economic policy contributed to weakening union membership and reducing collective bargaining power across many industries.
What is deregulation (economic policy shifts)?
What did the Title VII create?
What is the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)?