Hematology
The complete blood count (CBC) measures what 3 cells
Thrombocytes, leukocytes, erythrocytes
To prepare an ear cytology slide for microscopic examination for mites, you mix ear debris with __________
Mineral oil
Centrifuging blood that has been collected in a plain (red-top) tube and allowed to clot produces
Serum
List two common problems encountered in samples to be evaluated for clinical chemistry
Hemolysis, lipemia
When using distilled water to calibrate the refractometer, you should see a specific gravity of
1.000
A decreased platelet count is called
Thrombocytopenia
What is the main difference between a transudate and an exudate?
Protein content - Exudate has >3.0g/dL protein (inflammation or infection), Transudate has <3.0g/dL protein
Are total protein levels increased or decreased in a dehydrated animal?
Increased
The anticoagulant used to preserve blood glucose levels for blood chemistry analysis is
Sodium fluoride (Gray tube)
How is urine specific gravity measured?
Refractometer - The higher the number, the more concentrated the urine.
What is the preferred anticoagulant used for mammalian blood needing hematologic analysis?
EDTA
Mast cells have distinct ________ staining granules
Purple
A common serology test involves mixing a patient sample with a reagent containing an antibody against a specific antigen - this is called an ________
ELISA - Enyme Linked Immunosorbent assay (Technology that SNAP tests are based on)
The preferred sample for most blood chemistry tests is
Serum
What urine collection type is most desirable for a culture and susceptibility?
Cystocentesis
Variation in RBC size is called
Anisocytosis
List 3 abnormalities that may be seen when evaluating a sample with neoplastic characteristics
Anisokaryosis (variation in overall cell size)
Pleomorphism (variability in size and shape of same cell type)
High or variable nucleus/cytoplasm ratio
Coarse chromatin pattern (ropy or cordlike)
Multinucleation
Nucleoli that vary in size
What percentage of glomeruli in both kidneys must be nonfunctional before serum chemistry changes indicate renal disease
70%
What ion is important in regulating blood pH (acid/base balance)
Bicarbonate
What is a drawback to collecting urine by cystocentesis?
Blood contamination - cystocentesis is minimally painful and invasive, but blood cells can be picked up in the needle and inserted into the bladder
What test is used as an indicator of the average SIZE of RBCs?
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
Describe the process to take a Fine Needle Aspirate sample
Stabilize mass, Insert needle (21-25g) attached to syringe (3mL - 20mL), Retract plunger to create negative pressure, Redirect needle without leaving mass. Remove syringe from needle and fill syringe with air. Reattach needle and force sample out of syringe onto clean slide
Bile acids aid in the digestion of what nutrient
Fat
Blood levels of total bilirubin are used primarily to evaluate function of the
Liver
When using a urine chemistry reagent stick (dip stick), its important to remember that 2 tests will not be accurate - those 2 tests are:
Leukocytes and SG