Labs, V/Q, Acid-Base

Blood

100

high levels are caused by infection, stress, or trauma

WBCs

200

absolute value of 0-0.1 × 10⁶/L

Basophils

300

low hematocrit levels occur with anemia &

Overhydration

400

RBCs that lack normal color

Hypochromic Anemia

500

an INR of 0.5 indicates

Increased Clotting

Tests & Values

100

clinical laboratory tests are performed to evaluate

General Health & Baseline Status

Identify Organ Dysfunction

Detect Infection

Shape the Care Plan & Monitor its Effectiveness

200

this test is performed to diagnose cystic fibrosis

Sweat Chloride Test

300

critical values are <15 or >40 mEq/L

Total CO₂

400

this identifies the specific organism & determines the organism's sensitivity to antibiotic therapy

Culture

500

the reference range is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Potassium

Cations, Anions, Metabolites, Enzymes

100

primary intracellular cation

Potassium

200

proteins regulating all chemical reactions occurring within cells

Enzymes

300

essential for the regulation of most biochemical processes

Magnesium

400

acute kidney injury, chronic renal failure & dehydration will increase _________ levels

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

500

a disease with abnormal levels of pancreatic enzymes lipase & amylase

Pancreatitis

V/Q

100

when PACO₂ increases & moves out of capillary blood & into alveolus faster than it's washed out, the V/Q ratio will be

Low

200

interstitial fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, pulmonary edema & pneumoconiosis are diffusion impairments that cause

Hypoxic Hypoxia

300

a shunt caused by bronchial venous drainage, left atrium by way of thebesian veins, congenital heart disease, intrapulmonary fistula, or vascular lung tumors

Anatomical Shunt

400

hypoventilation, obstructive & restrictive lung disorders (↑/↓) the V/Q ratio

Decrease

500

a shunt where pulmonary capillary perfusion is in excess of alveolar ventilation

Relative Shunt

Acid-Base Regulation

100

proton donors

Acids

200

these substances are released when carbonic acid dissociates

H⁺

Bicarbonate Ions

300

a system that regulates alkaline substances in the blood & restores chemical buffers used in managing the H⁺ levels in extracellular fluids

Renal System

400

the term for the situation that exists when the volume of CO₂ eliminated from the lungs is less than the volume of CO₂ produced at the tissue cells

Hypoventilation

500

this occurs in the presence of other acids & isn't related to an increased PCO₂

Metabolic Acidosis