Landforms
List the characteristics for mountains
- high elevation
- have peaks
- steep slopes
- rocky
Define Volcano
an opening in the Earth's crust from which molten rock or magma escapes to reach the surface
What is the Richter scale?
The Richter Scale measures magnitude and classifies earthquakes.
Explain how divergent boundaries work
moves apart, magma pushes up through the gap
Define landforms
the natural features that make up Earth's surface
List the characteristics for plains
- low elevation
- fairly flat
- gently sloping
- many are covered in grasses
Define seismograph
a tool that measures and records the magnitude and duration of a disturbance of the ground
What would be considered a small earthquake? Tell what happens.
| 4.0 - 4.9 on the Richter scale |
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Explain how convergent boundaries work
move towards each other, one plate goes over, the other goes under
Explain water erosion
As water flows across the Earth's surface, it erodes the rock, picking up small pieces of weathered material and carries them away.
List the characteristics for valleys
- steep or gentle slopes
- V-shaped or U-shaped
- lower elevation at the bottom
- usually a stream or river flowing through
How can people protect themselves during a volcanic eruption?
leave the area immediately
have breathing protection (masks)
emergency supply of food & water
How can people protect themselves during a volcanic eruption?
leave the area immediately
have breathing protection (masks)
emergency supply of food & water
Explain how transform boundaries work
grind past each other
Explain wind erosion
Wind picks up weathered particles (sand) and carries them along. When the wind dies down, the particles fall and sand dunes are created.
List the characteristics for plateaus
- flat on top
- steep cliff-like sides
- higher elevation than surrounding land
- rocky
What's the biggest risk to people during a volcanic eruption? Explain.
The biggest risk to people are the hot gases released during eruptions because the gases are toxic, making it hard to breathe and can damage people's lungs.
What would be considered a major earthquake? Tell what happens
| 7.0 – 10.0 on the Richter scale |
|
Define lithosphere
the outer, solid layer of Earth made up of moving plates
Define weathering
the breaking down of rocks into small particles (sand)
List the characteristics for shields
- very old (ancient) rock
- worn down mountain region
- rugged
Define convection flow
a circular motion created when warmer material rises and draws down cooler material, which replaces it
What are tsunamis and when are they created?
Tsunamis are huge waves of water that can cause destruction, injury, and death, and are created after earthquakes occur.
Define asthenophere
soft weak layer under the lithosphere upon which the tectonic plates move
Explain 3 human activities that change the physical land.
- chopping down trees for building materials, to clear land for building
- cutting down hills, filling in valleys, blowing up mountains to build roads and railways
- creating large holes in rock when mining for minerals (iron, silver, gold, etc.) to make products such as tools, cars, computers, buildings, jewellery, etc.
- filling in lakes to build homes and businesses
- cutting steps into hills to grow rice in parts of Asia