1
Apportionment of states' voting districts (14th Amendment Equal Protection)
Baker v. Carr (1962)
Students do not have a First Amendment right to make obscene speeches in school.
Bethel School District #43 v. Fraser (1987)
States cannot nullify decisions of the federal courts.
Cooper v. Aaron (1958)
Indigent defendants must be provided representation without charge.
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Administrators may edit the content of school newspapers.
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988)
Random drug tests of students involved in extracurricular activities do not violate the Fourth Amendment.
Pottawatomie County v. Earls (2002)
Separate schools are not equal.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Students are entitled to certain due process rights.
Goss v. Lopez (1975)
Allowed for interracial marriage according to the 14th Amendment.
Loving v. Virginia (1967)
Illegally obtained material cannot be used in a criminal trial.
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
The Constitution gives the federal government certain implied powers
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Colleges and universities have a legitimate interest in promoting diversity.
Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
School-initiated prayer in the public school system violates the First Amendment.
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
Established the doctrine of judicial review
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning.
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
In order to prove libel, a public official must show that what was said against them was made with actual malice.
New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)
It is cruel and unusual punishment to execute persons for crimes they committed before age 18.
Roper v. Simmons (2005)
Students may not use a school's loudspeaker system to offer student-led, student-initiated prayer.
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe (2000)
Stop and frisks do not violate the Constitution under certain circumstances.
Terry v. Ohio (1968)
Even offensive speech such as flag burning is protected by the First Amendment.
Texas v. Johnson (1989)
Students have a reduced expectation of privacy in school.
New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)
Random drug tests of student athletes do not violate the 4th Amendment's prohibition of unreasonable searches and seizures.
Vernonia School District v. Acton (1995)
The President is not above the law.
U.S. v. Nixon (1974)
Students do not leave their rights at the schoolhouse door.
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
"separate but equal."
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)