Landmark Supreme Court Cases 1
Cases involving a young African American girl who was denied admission into a school due to her race.
What is Brown V. Board of Education?
Case where Texas law made it a felony to abort a fetus unless to save a mother's life. A woman filed suit against a district attorney, contesting that it was a violation of her personal liberty guaranteed by the constitutional amendments.
What is Roe V. Wade?
Case where an individual was interrogated and confessed to a crime of kidnapping and rape, but case ruling was changed due to individuals 5th amendment rights being violated.
What is Miranda v. Arizona?
Case where students were suspended for wearing black armbands in protest of the Vietnam War. Supreme Court ruled in favor of students, stating that students do not leave their rights at the schoolhouse door.
What is Tinker v. Des Moines?
Amendment that was referenced in cases such as Tinker v. Des Moines and Texas v. Johnson based on their freedom of speech.
What is the First Amendment?
Case where a president refused to turn over cassette tape recordings, stating that he was able to use "executive privilege." The Supreme Court ruled against this president, stating that him turning over the tapes would not compromise national security.
What is U.S. V. Nixon?
Case where Amish parents did not want their children to attend public school past the 8th grade, due to religious reasons. After school district required the children to attend public high school, Supreme Court ruled in favor of parents.
What is Wisconsin v. Yoder?
Case that allowed the Supreme Court authority to declare legislative and executive actions unconstitutional, which is known as judicial review. Established the doctrine of judicial review.
What is Marbury v. Madison?
Case where person was arrested for burning the American flag outside of the Dallas City Hall. He argued that this act was protected by the First Amendments right to freedom of speech/symbolic speech.
What is Texas v. Johnson?
This amendment was referenced in cases such as Brown v. Board of Education and Plessy v. Ferguson based on each person being privileged to the same rights regardless of color.
What is the 14th Amendment?
Case where a woman was arrested for having obscene materials found at her house by police, but used her right to not have her belongings searched or seized without a search warrant as a basis of taking case to Supreme Court.
What is Mapp V. Ohio?
Case where a person accused of a felony was denied the right to an attorney by a judge. Court ruled for individual because it was violation of Sixth Amendment.
What is Gideon V. Wainwright?
Case which rules that there are limits to the 4th amendment if authorities have reasonable evidence to conduct a search.
What is Terry v Ohio?
Precedent set to evaluate whether a law or governmental activity violates the establishment clause of the First Amendment.
What is the Lemon Test?
This amendment was referenced in the Miranda v. Arizona case where each person accused of a crime must be informed of their rights when detained.
What is 5th Amendment?
Case that said a state's right to sterilization did not violate the due process and equal protection clauses.
What is Buck v Bell?
Case that selectively incorporated the 2nd Amendment.
What is McDonald v Chicago?
Case where selective incorporation is used for the first time stating that freedom of speech is covered at the national level in regards to freedom of speech.
What is Gitlow v New York?
Case in which set precedent of a "clear and present danger" limitation on free speech.
What is Schenck v United States?
Clarence Gideon took his case to the Supreme Court after he felt his Florida conviction was a violation of this aspect of the 6th amendment.
What is Right to Council?
Case in which free speech is limited when it advocates the overthrow of the US government?
What is Dennis v United States?
Case that set the precedent for Roe v Wade by striking down state law that prohibits contraceptives.
What is Griswold v Connecticut?
Case where a New York school system was challenged in court because they began each school day with a nondenominational prayer, which was stated in court to be a violation of the First Amendment right to religion.
What is Engel v. Vitale?
From the Mapp v Ohio case, this concept prevents the government from using most evidence gathered in violation of the United States Constitution.
What is the exclusionary rule?
The central issue of New York Times v United States and the issue of freedom of the press.
What is prior restraint?