Organization of a language at the phrase and sentence level?
What is syntax?
100
A sound made without the vibration of the vocal chords.
What is a vowel?
100
The theoretical concept that prevents learning when the amygdala is activated.
What is the "affective filter"?
100
The number of words a native speaker of English typically acquires before entering kindergarten in the U.S.
What is 1000?
200
The smallest unit of sound that has meaning in a language.
What is a phoneme?
200
The structures in the mouth used to make the sounds /f/ and /v/.
What are the lips and teeth?
200
Transfer of components of one language to another, usually out of habit.
What is interference, or language transfer?
200
Rules about language use that are determined by a speech community and/or "experts."
What is (an example of) prescriptivism?
300
The study of meaning, and the lexicon, of a language.
What is semantics?
300
The location where the sounds /t/, /d/, /s/, /z/, /n/, /r/, and /l/ are made in English.
What is the alveolar ridge?
300
Words that arise from the same historical linguistic root.
What are cognates?
300
Evidence for this theory (as opposed to behaviorism) is that babies produce speech without any specific instruction, with very little correction, and that they have never heard before.
What is Chomsky's innateness theory?
400
The branch of linguistics that studies word structure.
What is morphology?
400
Two words that differ in only one sound.
What are minimal pairs?
400
The language used in everyday, usually highly contextualized communication - usually spoken.
What is BICS - Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills?
400
A la Noam Chomsky, an example of a single "deep structure" with multiple surface structures.
Various examples possible. "My professor gave me an apple." "I was given an apple by my professor." "An apple was given to me by my professor."
500
The use of language in social contexts, and the ways people produce and comprehend meaning through language.
What is pragmatics?
500
A phoneme that is pronounced in two or more different ways within a word, but without a change in meaning.
What is an allophone?
500
The formalized, structurally sophisticated and decontextualized language of textbooks and education.
What is CALP - Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency?
500
An example would be a child initially saying "went," then switching to "goed," then back to "went" as her or his language progresses.