Standard Language
A set of rules that dictate how language should be used according to grammar books and really uptight language “experts.” In this perspective, there is good and bad English.
What is prescriptive language/grammar?
Any dialect that deviates from the so-called “standard.”
What is a nonstandard dialect?
Two examples of stereotyped accents that Disney uses for anthropomorphized animals.
What are crows in “Jungle Book” representing AAVE speakers; what are small dogs as petty criminals with Spanish accents? (note: other examples are also acceptable, as long as they're accurate).
Systematic phonological variation or pronunciation.
What is accent?
When someone uses the wrong pronoun or word to refer to someone, but it does not reflect their gender identity.
What is misgendering?
The educational system, the news media, the entertainment industry, and corporate America/the workplace.
What are the proponents of Standard Language Ideology?
Mike Mena describes this as a mono-lingual white person sprinkling common Spanish words or phrases into speech—no problemo.
What is mock Spanish?
The most common accent and dialect of Disney princesses.
What is Standard American English?
Analyzing images to understand the underlying message.
What is visual rhetoric?
A person’s accent that is related to the dominant language—English.
What is an L1 accent?
What is language-trait focused discrimination? or
What is discrimination related to a person's dialect, specifically pronunciation?
Accent discrimination
Speakers in this dialect pronounce 'ask' as 'aks'
What is AAVE or AAE?
When a work features at least two female characters who have a conversation about something other than a man.
What is the Bechdel test?
All human languages are equal in terms of linguistic potential.
What is a linguistic fact?
An example of this is when someone tells a black or brown person that they are “articulate.”
What is a microaggression?
The ability to produce and interpret utterances appropriate to their context of use.
What is ”communicative competence?”
Combining two languages or dialects within an utterance.
What is code switching or style shifting?
In Beauty and the Beast, The beast is abusive to Belle, but she loves him anyway, and she tames him. They end up together.
What is an example of misogyny and problematic messages in Beauty and the Beast? or What teaches children that domestic abuse is a normal part of romantic love?
An example of primary metaphor, according to George Lakoff.
When someone is denied access to basic human rights (housing, medical care, employment, etc) because of their stigmatized accent.
What is linguistic profiling?
A bias towards unaccented, idealized, and homogenized spoken language that is imposed and maintained by dominant institutions.
What is standard language ideology?
These specialized training programs are aimed at helping non-native or regional speakers improve their clarity and make their speech more easily understood by a specific target audience.
What are accent reduction programs?
The most common accent Disney uses for its main villain?
What is British English?
This occurs when a speaker in the dominant language is talking to a speaker with a marked L2 accent. The fluent speaker does not help negotiate meaning and the other person (L2 accented speaker) is responsible for doing the linguistic heavy lift.
What is communicative burden?
Typically, when a marginalized person or group of people are excluded/ignored/dismissed from issues that affect them; for example, Native Americans have experienced this as a result of colonization.
What is erasure? (there are other acceptable answers, but this is the best one)