History
This Era had significant vocabulary expansion due to the Industrial Revolution and the growth of the British Empire, which led to the borrowing of words from various cultures. Additionally, this period saw the rise of prescriptivism. 1700-present day.
What is Late Modern English?
The order of words in a sentence.
What is Syntax?
This is when a word gains a more negative meaning over time, like “silly” once meaning “blessed.”
What is pejoration?
This model is used to describe the progressively changing frequencies of variant forms of a linguistic variable, i.e. alternative ways of saying the same thing.
What is the S-Curve?
Made in 1989, changed the way we research, communicate and function.
What is the Internet?
In this Era, it was popular to say 'thou', 'thee', and have elaborated sentence structure, and was the start of standardization. Ex. "To be, or not be: That is the question."
What is the Era of Early Modern English?
Letters and spelling of a language. ex. colour/color
What is Orthography?
A base or a stem word. Used to describe words in the chart.
What is lemma?
This theory says language change is unpredictable and happens due to random errors, trends, or social phenomena.
What is Random Fluctuation Theory?
William Caxton introduced this invention and the invention standardized spelling, punctuation, and grammar of English throughout England.
What is the Invention of the Printing Press?
Changes in pronunciation began towards the end of Middle English that lasted 200 years. Pronunciation of vowels changed. Ex. Before 'boots' sounded like boats.
What is the Great Vowel Shift?
The meaning of words in a certain language.
What is Semantics?
This semantic process occurs when a word becomes more positive in meaning, like “awesome” going from “inspiring awe” to “great.”
What is amelioration?
This theory says language changes because society’s needs change.
What is the Functional theory?
This was a major cause for words from foreign languages being integrated into English.
What is Colonization?
He created over 1700 words including, 'birthplace', 'scuffle', 'zany', 'torture', and 'gossip'. Was a famous writer and was known for, "shall I compare thee to a summers day."
Who is Shakespeare/What is Shakespeare language?
The structure of words and their meaning in a language.
What is Morphology?
Overtime, a words definition becomes larger and broader over different subjects.
What is Broadening?
This theory by Jean Aitchison includes metaphors such as the “damp spoon syndrome” and the “crumbling castle view” to describe people's attitudes towards language change.
What is Aitchison’s Attitudes to Language Change?
A dictionary made in 1755, started to standardize English in England.
What is Samual Johnsons Dictionary.
Which of the following languages heavily influenced the development of Middle English?
c) Norman French
This approach sees language change as bad, and wants to preserve rules and “proper” use.
What is prescriptivism?
It shows the context change between timelines. The change in the words connotation.
What is a collocate chart?
This British philosopher introduced the concept of speech acts, laying the foundation for modern pragmatics.
Who is J.L. Austin?
Dictionary Published in 1831.
What is Webster Dictionary?