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The language that a person learns to speak first
First Language
Second language
The language a person acquires second. It doesn’t necessarily have to be the second strongest language, for some people it could be stronger than the first language.
Social linguistics
the scientific study of the dynamic relationship between language and society, exploring how social factors like class, gender, age, ethnicity, and context influence how people speak and how language use reflects social identity, power, and culture.
Dialect
a particular form of a language which is peculiar to a specific region or social group
socially acquired knowledge
Culture
The natural process by which humans gain the ability to understand and produce language
Language Acquisition
Morphology
Study of word structure, focusing on morphemes (smallest meaningful units like prefixes, roots, suffixes) and how words are formed
What quote is also known as the weinreich witticism?
"A language is a dialect with an army and a navy."
person's native language strictly decides their thoughts, perceptions, and understanding of the world, essentially placing limits on what they can conceive
Linguistic determinism
Linguistic repertoire
the complete collection of language resources, including languages, dialects, styles, and registers, that an individual or community uses for communication
Fluent in two or more languages
Multilingual
Semantics
The meaning of a word, phrase, or text. (Directly, by the dictionary)
the practice of multilingual individuals fluidly using their entire linguistic repertoire as one integrated system for communication
Translanguaging
Sapir–Whorf hypothesis
Language Relativity - the language you speak influences how you perceive and understand the world, affecting your thoughts, culture, and cognition
a person who is only fluent in one language
monolingual
informal, nonstandard vocabulary used in casual conversation, often by specific social groups
Slang
a process of shifting from one linguistic code (a language or dialect) to another, depending on the social context or conversational setting
Code Switching
To change (speech or writing) from one language to another
Translating
Sassure’s signs
Signifier and Signified
The physical form of a sign—like a word, sound, image, or gesture—that represents a concept or idea.
area of linguistics that deals with systems of sounds, within a language
Phonology
a person who is fluent in two languages.
Bilingual
Mother tongue
the first language a person learns in childhood, typically from parents or caregivers, though it can also refer to the language of one's ethnic group or the most dominant language spoken
Pierce’s icons
indexes and symbols
Signified
The concept or idea which is being represented by the signifier to create the sign.