birth-1 year
birth to 3 months
sounds are reflexive
visually tracks
vocalizes mostly vowels
social interactionism theory
vygotsky!
emphasizes language function over language structure
desire to com. drives acquisition
incorporate caregivers and multiple environments
stage 1
12-26 months (1-2 years)
about 50 words in vocabulary
basic phrases (w/ communicative intent)
ex: more juice, my doll
attribution
child uses an adjective
big doggy
clean face
dirty dolly
semantic theory
bloom, filmore
interpretation of messages requires consideration of meaning
acquisition stimulated by child's desire to communicate and knowledge
4-6 months
vocal play
marginal babbling (baba)
responds to name (5 months)
behavioral theory
skinner, learn lang. through what they are exposedd to
verbal behaviors are acquired under appropriate conditions of stimulation, response, and reinforcement
broken down into cause-and-effect functional units:
mands, tacts, echoics, autoclitics, intraverbals
stage II
27-30 months (2 1/2)
present progressive -ing
"in" and "on"
regular plural -s
ex: man running, in house, on book, my kids
locative action
child refers to a change in an objects location
there doggy
ball up
emergent theory
- neurologically based
6+ months
comprehends "no"
canonical babbling (reduplicated and non reduplicated)
uses variegated babbling (mabamaba) 9 months
uncovers hidden toy (beginning of object permanence) 8-9 months?
nativist theory
syntactic structures are the essence of language and that language is a product of the unique human mind (nature/innate)
we are born with LAD (acquisition device)
Language knowledge is innate, in therapy reinforcement is not necessary
31-34 months
(2 1/2- 2 10 months)
irregular past tense
possessive 's
uncontractible copula
ex: me drew, daddy's hat, he is sick
existence
child attends to an item or object present in the immediate environment, especially a novel one
whats that?
this kitty
constructionist-interactionist view
environment guides language
no processor in brain-specific for language
cannot separate lang from cog systems
NURTURE VIEW (operant conditioning)
10-12 months
understands up to 10 words
begins to relate symbol and object; uses first true word
obeys some commands
gestures or vocalizes to indicate wants and needs
uses all consonant and vowel sounds in play
shows objects by pointing, begins to use gestures, first words
cognitive theory
Piaget's four stages of cognitive development
1. sensorimotor (0-2 years)
2. preoperational (2-7 years)
3. concrete operations
4. formal operations
stage IV
35-40 months
~3 years
articles (a, the)
regular past tense
third person regular past tense
ex: the bucket, a drink, she shopped, the runs
recurrence
an event happens again; an object reappears or replaces another
more cookie
another doggy
critical period hypothesis
must have adequate stimuli before "critical age" (5-7 years old) or full language command cannot be achieved
how many words do they have by 18 months and what does holophrastic speech mean?
50 words, they one word to communicate many words
information processing theory
interested in HOW language is learned
auditory discrimination
auditory attention
auditory memory
auditory rate
auditory sequencing
in therapy; targeting working memory and speed of processing skills is helpful and possibly intensive therapy will facilitate cognitive processing skills
stage V
41-46+
(3 1/2 +beyond)
third person irregular
uncontractible auxiliary
contractible copula
contractible auxiliary
ex: doggy does tricks, he was jumping, she's happy, she's dancing
denial
child denies a statement or previous utterance
is this kitty? - no kitty
give an example from early 8
middle 8
and late 8
early 8: /m/, /b/, /y/, /n/, /w/, /d/, /p/, /h/
middle 8: /t/, /ng/, /k/, /g/, /f/, /v/, /ts/, /d3/
late 8: Big s, /3/, /l/, /r/, /s/, /z/, thetas