Intro & syntax/morphology
Which one is the inflectional morpheme?
"slowly" or "walked"
Walked
This term (phrase) describes the ability to understand other individuals’ mental states. These mental states are our thoughts, feelings, emotions and reactions to events and ideas.
What is Theory of Mind?
What is a schema?
A psychological structure that allows children to understand, attach meaning, and organize knowledge about entities in the environment.
Sensory and motor skills
What's the largest part of the brain?
Cerebrum
Name 3 relationship and 3 concept words in the following sentence: The great white shark swam near the beach full of unsuspecting tourists playing in the waves.
Relationship: shark, swam, tourists, playing. Concept: great, white, near, full, unsuspecting.
Definition: Difference related to context
Which paralinguistic cue is this?
Inflection
Name these 2 executive function skills?
1) _____________refers to the ability to start a task. We use this function every day when we go about our daily tasks. For example to make dinner, you have to start the process.
2) _____________ is an executive function used when you decide what you’re going to wear and what to make for dinner.
Name the 2 executive function skills described.
Initiation
Planning
What is the Zone of Proximal Development?
The distance between a child's actual development level and the skills learned with assistance from other more advanced language learners.
What are mirror neurons and their functions?
Mirror neurons are a set of brain cells on either sides of the brain.
It's function is to mirror things we hear and see
The brain and the spinal cord make up what nervous system?
Central Nervous System
A young child was surprised his grandpa said he had a mental block because the child was picturing a toy block instead of a metaphor block. What is this an example of?
Multiple meanings.
"The unlucky cats were stuck in the tree."
How many morphemes in this sentence?
3 morphemes
Kanzi shows two human language characteristics when he 1) identifies an object after hearing a word and 2) when he identifies an object that is not in sight. What human language characteristics are these examples showing?
semanticity and displacement.
Bobby is maintaining eye contact and using appropriate communication skills with his mother. Which theory does his behavior align with?
Emergentism
the ability to suppress information not relevant to the situation, is use of what executive function?
Response inhibition
What are the language functions of the Wernicke's area?
Speech reception and the comprehension or understanding of spoken language
Johnny's semantics is restricted. He calls all animals with fur and four legs dogs. what is this an example of?
Overextension
At what age do children typically say two word combinations? Example: "More cookie."
18 months of age
James is a 10 year old boy who is having troubles in school. He is not able to focus in class, doesn’t do well on long tests, and has trouble listening to directions from his teacher. Based on this description, list three executive functions that James is having difficulty with.
James is having difficulty with attention, inhibition, and working memory. His lack of attention span is clear through his inability to focus in class. As well, he lacks inhibition as he cannot stay on task during a long test. Finally, James is unable to listen to directions, showing that his working memory isn’t allowing him to remember instructions.
Define Chomsky's theory of language development
Children possess an innate language acquisition device that allows them to acquire the rules of language.
what kind of delay could a child have if they had severely limited sensory and motor skills
Delay in cognition and language development
What are the three structural components of a neuron? (answers may vary)
Soma (cell body), an axon, and dendrites
(answers may vary)
Name an example of each of the following semantic roles: agent, action, affected, location. Then, use your examples to create an example of a semantic relation.
Examples: Agent = Sammie, action = eat, affected = cookie, location = kitchen. Examples of semantic relations: Sammie eat, eat cookie, cookie kitchen.
What are the five main components of language? Which one has to deal with the USE of language?
Syntax, Morphology, Phonology, Semantics, and Pragmatics (USE)
This mental processes term refers to the ability to plan, monitor, and analyze one’s thinking and behaviours (e.g. thinking about the process of thinking as an object)
What is metacognition?
Alex repeatedly says "ba" after his mother says "bottle" to him. Does his reaction align with competence or performance of language?
Performance
what are four types of executive function skills involved in academics?
Abstract thought, revise, plan, initiate actions, learn from mistakes, interact appropriately with peers, critical thinking skills
Sally has a TBI impacting the left frontal lobe of her brain. She now has difficulties with speech production. What specific brain structure was most likely impacted?
Broca's area
A child asks, "Can I have some juice?" Is this an example of an indirect or direct speech act and why?
Indirect speech act. It has the syntactic form of a question but has a meaning of a request.
What is the difference between communicative competence and linguistic competence?
Communicative competence involves the appropriate use of language in interaction. While linguistic competence involves the use of language components.
What two functions are being used when you are asked to remember a list in a certain order, and how are these functions defined?
Emma is pointing at a dog. Her father responds by taking her over to see the dog. What is this an example of?
Serve and Return Interaction
How does mirror neurons facilitate the theory of mind?
Mirror neurons mirror what we see and help us perceive what other people are feeling.
theory of mind helps us perceive the feeling around us
Tommy is in the process of getting a brain scan. While in the scan he was asked to visualize images of food to allow for mapping of his neural activity and cognitive process. Is Tommy's brain scan an example of structural or functional imaging?
Functional imaging
When children's language skills develop they start to produce indirect speech acts that include words such as can, will, and may. What type of words are these?
modal auxiliary verbs