Bilingualism
Literacy
Sociocultural Differences
Syntax
Pragmatics
100
What is code switching?
Culturally sensitive switch in languages.
100
What is phonological awareness?
The ability to attend to and manipulate the sounds in words.
100
Is a dialect a disorder?
NO
100
What is grammar?
The structure in language Combining words to make meaningful speech A rule based system
100
What does a child need to be a proficient conversational partner?
turn taking topic maintenance topic shift presupposition (TOM) - perspective taking grice's rules comprehension monitoring
200
language differentiation
two lexicons When a child knows he is exposed to more than one language.
200
What are some differences between oral language and literacy?
speaking and comprehension v. reading/writing universal v. not universal automatic v. instruction required natural v. artifact more contextualized v. less contextulalized primary language skill v. secondary skill
200
What is the difference between a dialect and a register?
register= the style of language use associated with a particular social setting - influences: culture, environment, peer groups dialect= phonology a person uses in language - changes based on social and regional factors
200
What are the semantic relations expressed in "I eat pancake"? What is syntactically relevant about this utterance?
agent-action-object three word utterance - beginning to expand and elaborate - have the skeleton
200
Name 3 of Dore's conversational acts.
requesting protesting greeting calling repeating practicing labeling answering
300
What is distributed characteristic?
Concept vocab.
300
(metalinguistics, cognitive development, and reading relationship)
Oral language phonological awareness - training improves reading scores vocabulary and grammar - low SES receive less enriched input (and less literacy experiences) cognition - processing (difficulty= possible impairment) Early lit. experiences Individual Differences What preliteracy skills are predictive of later reading abilities?
300
What are some differences between narratives and grammar for SAE and AAE children?
topic oriented vs. fact emphasis participant element vs. scaffolded entertainment vs. moral immediacy vs. topic centered
300
What is a relative clause? Name 2 types and give an example of each. Clauses that modify the nouns of a sentence.
SO type SS OO OS
300
What are: 1. illocutionary act 2. locutionary act 3. perlocutionary act
1. speaker intent 2. linguistic form 3. effect on listener
400
Describe the 2 types of bilingualism.
Sequential Simultaneous
400
Why is written language more decontextualized than oral language?
Formal language= decont. - words stand on their own - no support from nonlinguistic context - must interpret message based on writing
400
Why are brown's 14 morphemes important to our understanding of syntactic development (English)?
milestones complexity MLU
400
What are some hypothesized reasons for self-talk?
language practice and exploration Vyg- behavioral self-guidance - cog skills first develop in social interaction and then internalize building conversational abilities
500
How is 2nd language acquisition different from 1st language acquisition?
Learning a 2nd language isn't like soaking up a sponge. Differences in process (stages) and outcome (academic achievement, language knowledge and use)
500
What are some features of emergent literacy?
skills and knowledge about literacy - how to hold a book - how to turn pages - knowledge that the print on a page is words and stories
500
What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?
linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity
500
What are some strategies children use to understand sentences?
children use rules to understand sentences - not always correct in use inherent rule system: - syntactic categories-- lexical v. functional words - linking rules-- map semantic roles onto syntactic structure - phrase structure rules-- what can be a phrase transformation-- what can move and where
500
Describe Piaget's period of egocentricity and its effect on conversational and sociolinguistic skills.
difficulty taking another person's point of view - poor presuppositional ability - perspective taking - topic shift - topic maintenance - poor repair
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