Brain Injury
Provide three potential reasons for a brain injury
Trauma
Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke
Congenital malformation of the neural blood vessels
Convulsive disorders
Encepholopathy (infections or tumors)
WHat does CVA stand for?
Cerebrovascular Accident
Relatively rare disorder in which a child does not talk in some situations
Selective Mutism
What are the two main types of brain injury?
TBI and CVA
What is a CVA?
Occur when a portion of the brain is denied oxygen, usually because of a blockage or rupture in a blood vessel serving the brain
General delay in language development, a nonverbal IQ of 86 or lower
Nonspecific language impairment
Identify and describe the three levels of TBI
Concussion
Moderate TBi
Severe TBI
Describe the language of an individual with a CVA
Long-term subtle pragmatic difficulties are common
Word retrieval may be extremely difficult at first, with deficits in both speech and accuracy
Language comprehension is also affected initially
Define otitis media
Cumulative effect of recurrent hearing loss can be a significant factor in delayed langauge development
Identify language difficulties of an individual with TBI
Language comprehension and higher functions such as figurative language and dual meanings also may be affected
Individuals with severe TBI and resultant deficits in executive function demonstrate problems with pragmatics
Regulating the amount and manner or conversational participation as well as the relevance of their contributions
Utterances are lengthy, inappropriate, and off-topic
Fluency is disturbed
Word retrieval, naming, and object description difficulties may be present
Describe the difference in a child and adult who experiences a TBI or CVA
Children better prognosis
minimal long term effects
Describe the language of an individual who experienced maltreatment
Have less complex language
All aspects of langauge are affected but it is in language use that these children exhibit the greatest difficulties
Are less talkative and have fewer conversational skills
Utterances and conversations are shorter
Less likely to volunteer information or to discuss emotions or feelings
Describe the influences on prognosis
age
SES
IQ
Degree and length of unconsciousness
Site of injury
size of lesion
Language problems often occur when....
The left hemisphere is involved
1. I am an individual who demonstrate difficulty formulating sentences during conversation. I do not have intellectual, sensory or perceptual difficulties.
2. I am an individual who struggles to maintain eye contact, engage with peers, and initiate or turn take during a conversation.
3. I am an individual who does not wish to verbalize in order to express my thoughts or feelings.
4. I am an individual who demonstrates difficulty in reading as well as language comprehension.
1. SLI
2. ASD
3. Maltreatmetn
4. LD